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Cold War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Winston Churchill (what speech?) | Said Stalin had cast an Iron Curtain across Europe. |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. gives money to Turkey and Greece to counter communism (1947). |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | Eisenhower promoted a doctrine supporting nations resisting communism (from notes: “promoted Eisenhower Doctrine”). |
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg (how do we know Ethel was innocent? Why were they the only ones executed?) | Executed for spying and passing nuclear secrets to the USSR. |
| McCarthyism | Joseph McCarthy led anti‑communist investigations; later censured by the Senate. |
| Mao Zedong | Leader of Communist China; supported by USSR; won the Chinese Civil War. |
| Jiang Jieshi | Chinese Nationalist leader; supported by the U.S. during the Chinese Civil War. |
| George Kennan | Advocated the policy of containment to stop the spread of communism. |
| George Marshall | U.S. Secretary of State who proposed the Marshall Plan to aid Western Europe. |
| Marshall Plan (how much? To whom?) | Aid to Western Europe. |
| What happened June 25, 1950? Did Congress declare war? | Korean War begins: North Korea invades South Korea. |
| Explain what led to a stalemate that occurred in the Korean War. | Korean War ends in stalemate; Armistice signed (1953). |
| John Foster Dulles | U.S. Secretary of State; supported massive retaliation policy. |
| Nikita Khrushchev | Replaced Stalin as Soviet leader; promoted peaceful coexistence. |
| Sputnik and Sputnik II | 1957: USSR launches Sputnik, first space satellite. |
| What is NASA and what led to its creation? | NASA created in 1958 to coordinate U.S. space efforts. Created after the USSR launched Sputnik. |
| President Eisenhower (role in the Korean War) | Threatened nuclear weapons in Korea (1953). |
| What were two reasons Robert Oppenheimer lost his security clearance? | Lost clearance due to communist associations. |
| Explain how Berlin was divided after WWII. Who controlled what? | Germany divided into occupation zones after WWII. |
| Explain the Berlin Airlift. What did Stalin do? How did it end? | USSR blocked access to West Berlin (Berlin Blockade). U.S. and Britain airlifted supplies (Berlin Airlift) |
| Explain the downfall of Joseph McCarthy. How did he lose support? What happened to him? | Later censured by the Senate. |
| Explain why President Truman fired General MacArthur. What led to it? | MacArthur wanted to invade China; Truman fired him. |
| How did the Korean War end? What caused the war to end? How many Americans died? How many drafted? | Ended in stalemate; Armistice signed (1953). |
| NATO: define and list its countries. | Formed in 1949 to combat Soviet expansion. |
| WARSAW PACT: define and list its countries. | (1955)was an alliance of the USSR and other communist countries created in response to NATO. Hungary and Poland also any countries that end in ia |
| How much did the U.S. population grow from 1945–55? What is that time period called? | Population grew 27%. Time period: Baby Boom. |
| Red Scare | The fear that communists inside and outside America were trying to destroy us. |
| HUAC | House Un‑American Activities Committee; investigated suspected communists in government and Hollywood. |
| Inchon (why is this place important?) | General MacArthur’s Inchon Landing was a surprise attack that pushed North Korean forces back. |
| Smith Act | Made it illegal to advocate overthrowing the U.S. government. |
| Explain how Korea was divided after WWII. Where? Who controlled? | Divided at the 38th parallel. North Korea controlled by USSR; South Korea controlled by U.S. |
| After we got the Communists out of South Korea what decision did we have to make? | Stop at the 38th parallel or invade North Korea |
| What were three reasons Eisenhower defeated Truman in the election of 1952? | Korean War frustration; fear of communism; Eisenhower’s popularity |
| What are four freedoms that democratic nations have that communist ones don't? | Speech, press, religion, elections |
| After WWII the U.S. had ___% of the population but produced ___% of the world’s output. | 6% population; 50% output |
| Explain three rights granted to veterans as a result of the GI Bill of Rights. | College money; home loans; unemployment benefits |
| Explain two things President Truman did to help Civil Rights. | Desegregated military; banned discrimination in federal jobs |
| Explain why many countries in Europe turned to communism after WWII. | Destroyed economies and desperation |
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user-2016032