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Earth's Structures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mineral | A natural, nonliving solid found in Earth that has a specific chemical makeup and structure. |
| Element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom (like gold or oxygen). |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that makes up elements. |
| Compound | A substance made when two or more different elements join together. |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Crystal | A solid material whose atoms are arranged in a repeating, organized pattern. |
| Streak | The color of a mineral's powder when it is rubbed on a rough surface. |
| Luster | How a mineral reflects light. |
| Cleavage | The way a mineral breaks along smooth flat surfaces |
| Weathering | The process of weathered rock and soil from one place to another by water, wind, ice, or gravity |
| Erosion | The movement of weathered rock and soil from one place to another by water, wind, ice or gravity. |
| Deposition | The process where sediment is dropped and settles in a new place after being carried by erosion. |
| Igneous rock | A type of rock formed when melted rock (magna or lava) cools and hardens. |
| Sedimentary rock | A type of rock formed from layers of sediment that are pressed together over time. |
| Metamorphic rock | A type of rock that has changed because of heat, pressure or both. |
| Rock cycle | The continuous process that shows how rocks change from one type to another over time. |
| Uplift | The movement that raises Earth's surface upward, often forming mountains. |
| Subsidence | The sinking or lowering of Earth's surface. |
| Rift zone | An area where Earth's crust is pulling apart and magma can rise to the surface. |
| crust | The thin outer layer of the Earth where was live. |
| mantle | The thick layer of hot rock below the crust that slowly flows. |
| convection | the movement of heat where hot material rises and cooler material sinks. |
| core | the very hot center of the Earth made mostly of medal. |
| lithosphere | The rigid outer layer of Earth made up of the crust and the upper mantle. |
| asthenosphere | A soft, slow-moving layer of the mantle below the lithosphere that allows tectonic plates to move. |
| mesosphere | the strong lower part of the mantle beneath the asthenosphere. |
| pangea | A supercontinent that existed millions of years ago when all of Earth's land was joined together as one. |
| sea-floor spreading | The process where new ocean floor is created as magma rises at mid-ocean ridges and pushes older crust outward. |
| plate tectonics | The theory that explains how large pieces of Earth's lithosphere move and interact, causing earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains. |
| tectonic plates | Large pieces of Earth's lithosphere that move slowly over the asthenosphere. |
| convergent boundary | A plate boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other, often forming mountains, volcanoes, and mountains. |
| divergent boundary | A plate boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other, allowing magma to rise and form new crust. |
| transform boundary | A plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes. |
| deformation | The change in the shape or size of Earth's crust caused by stress from tectonic plate movement. |
| folding | The bending of rock layers when they are squeezed by compression. |
| fault | A crack in Earth's crust where blocks of rock move past each other. |
| shear stress | Stress that pushes rocks in opposite directions, causing them to slide past each other. |
| tension | Stress that pulls rocks apart, stretching and thinning the crust. |
| compression | Stress that pushes rocks together, shortening and thickening the crust. |
| earthquake | the shaking of Earth's surface caused by the sudden release of energy along a fault. |
| Focus | the point inside Earth where an earthquake begins. |
| epicenter | the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
| tectonic plate boundary | the area where two tectonic plates meet and interact. |
| elastic rebound | the process in which rocks bend under stress and then snap back, releasing energy as an earthquake. |
| volcano | An opening in Earth's crust where magma, gas, and ash can escape to the surface. |
| magma | Melted rock located beneath Earth's surface. |
| Lava | Magma that has reached Earth's surface. |
| Vent | An opening through which magma, gas and ash erupt from volcano. |
| hot spot | A place where magma rises through the mantle and creates volcanoes, even away from plate boundaries. |
Created by:
Alvarez Amy