Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 2 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some of the different sources of drugs? | plants, animals, minerals, lab synthesis |
| digitialis plant produces what drug? | lanoxin (digoxin) treats heart conditions |
| bark of the yew tree produces? | taxol (paclitaxel) stops cancer cell growth stabilizing microtubules and prevents cell division |
| what drug can caffeine produce | nicotine |
| animal hormones can be derived to make? | insulin in 80s (pig or cow pancreas) , had higher incidence of allergic reactions |
| what kind of minerals can make drugs? | calcium, zinc, iron |
| lab synthesis is also known as | genetic engineering |
| what does synthetic mean | nucleus of drug from natural source and chemical structure is altered |
| examples of lab synthetic drugs | procrit, treats those with low rbc's (made up of protein human urethropotin) |
| why are drugs in certain therapeutic classifications | therapeutic classifications include what drugs work for the same endgoal (antihypertensives, lower bP, analgesics pain relievers) |
| what is the overall goal for different drug classes | to reduce pain |
| what is pharmacological classification | how drug works or exerts activity |
| example of drug within pharmacological classification | antihypertensives (lowering bP) - ace inhibitors (inhibits conversion of angiotensin 1-2) |
| what are prototype drugs | lead agent in drug class, used to understand whole class of drugs with similar chemical structures, actions, side effects |
| chemical names of drugs are assigned by | IUPAC |
| generic names of drugs are assigned by | US adopted name council (active ingredient) |
| brand/trade names of drugs are assigned by | pharmaceutical company |
| combination drugs are | multiple drugs in 1 dose (caduet: combo of 2 meds) |
| pharmacokinetics def | study of how drug is affecting body from administration to complete elimination |
| what is absorption | movement of drug from site of administration to various tissues of body |
| routes of absorption | oral drugs must absorb through intestinal wall and enter portal vein before passing through liver and into body's circulation |
| bioavailability def | amt of drug available after passing through the liver |
| interactions | anything that can increase risks for interactions (changes in acidity in stomach) (changes the way another medication affects the body) |
| distribution def | movement of drug by circulatory system to intended site of action |
| how does distribution work | drugs enter blood after they absorb through intestinal wall or alveoli in lungs |
| where are areas of body that receive highest level of drug and why | liver kidneys heart due to rich blood supply |
| areas of body that don't have rich supply of blood | bones or areas that have a natural barrier (brain's blood brain barrier) |
| differences between drugs that have protein bound molecules vs not | with protein bound molecules allow it to be more pharmacologically active |
| what is metabolism / biotransformation | change that occurs in a medication into a more or less potent form of medication (can be more soluble or inactive form of medication) |
| organ most responsible for metabolism of drugs | liver |
| what is cytochrome p450 | referring to hepatic metabolism , large class of enzymes that encompass majority of meds |
| first pass effect | when passing through liver, actual amt of drug to body is less than what client ingested orally (less than 100 bioavailability) |
| what is bioavailability | amt of oral drug available after passing thru liver |
| what kind of drugs bypass first pass effect | parenteral drugs due to absorption through vein or SUBQ |
| what is excretion | elimination of medication or metabolites thru various parts of body |
| due to renal kidney failure, what can happen for drugs | kidneys can hold onto drugs longer due to renal failure |
| what is onset | amt of time medication takes to demonstrate therapeutic response |
| what is duration of action | length of time the medication's therapeutic effect lasts without additional doses |
| trough level meaning | point in time when medication is at its lowest level in the body |
| what level do we want to be for drug to be most effective | in between therapeutic range |
| what is serum drug concetraiton | you can draw blood to get levels to make sure drug is in therapeutic range |
| what is pharmacodynamics | biochemical changes that occur in body as a result of taking a medication (what drug actually does to body) |
| what is lock n key | joining of a drug molecule with reacting site on surface of cell |
| what are agonists | medications that bind with receptors and increase a body's response |
| what are antagonists | medications that bind with receptor and either block or reduce body's response |
| what is a partial agonist | drug that binds to receptor but response is reduced |
| ex of antagonist | narcan blocks fent from reaching their receptor sites |
| what is an idiosyncratic | abnormal response to medication (benadryl makes you tired and calm) |
| what is pharmacotherapy | desire to therapeutic outcome |
| what is empiric | based on clinical probability (uti patient) |
| what is prophylactic | hoping to prevent illness/outcome in PLANNED event (before surgery give antibiotics to decrease risk of infection) |
| what are side effects | secondary unwanted effect (diarrhea) minor |
| what are adverse reactions | unintended pharmacological effect even when med is given correctly |
| what does an allergic response mean | hypersensitivity to drug |
| what is additive mean | 2 drugs with similar actions that are given together adds their effects 1+1 =2 |
| what does synergistic mean | when two medications taken together work more strongly than expected 1+1 = 3 ex |
| incompatability | 2 drugs mix together and result is chemical deterioration of 1 or both drugs 1+1 = less than 2 |
| what is Iatrogenic | induced inadvertently (occurs by providers treatment but not med error) (patient fell due to IV but not ur fault they fell) |
| what is teratogenic | structural defects in fetus (nono preggo) |
| what is carinogenic | cancer causing |
| food can do what to absorption of drugs (enteral) | when administered at same time, it can delay absorption |
| parenteral nutrition | amino acids, electrolytes delivers total dietary nutrients to patients |
| for geriatric clients what is polypharmacy | taking too many meds at same time (2 many cooks in kitchen) |
| what is contraindications | medications provider SHOULD NOT prescribe due to potential to cause serious or life threatening adverse drug reactions |
| parenteral meds def | IV, SUBQ, IM |
| what is topical | apply to skin eyes nose |
| what is enteral def | methods of drug admin involving GI tract such as oral, sublingual buccal, rectal |
Created by:
shinykwon