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Unit 1 Pharmacology
Unit 1 Fundamentals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the nursing process | ADPIE |
| what is assessment | perform comprehensive assessment, data is collected and reviewed |
| what is subjective vs objective data | subjective spoken objective seen through senses |
| what is diagnosis | what do we think is happening to patient (hypothesis) |
| what is planning | generate solutions with goals |
| what is implementation | take actions and patient education |
| what is evaluation | monitor therapeutic effects, identify if adverse effects were produced, were goals met? |
| in diagnosis how do we prioritize patients needs or problems | ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) |
| what are the 8 rights of medication administration | right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, reason, response |
| why should we cross check drugs before administration | compares drug label from provider's orders and to the MAR |
| what are the 3 medication checks | pulling, prior to preparing and prior to administering |
| what does pulling mean in (med checks) | soon as it comes out of machine, comparing it to provider and MAR |
| what does prior to prearing mean | go get our supplies, measuring, pouring, counting withdrawing |
| prior to administering | do in front of patient at bedside, compare against the mar (right drug, right dose, right route, right time) |
| what is the provider of care for the role of the nurse? | clear and active license (gives direct medication administration) |
| what is the manager of care | recognize problems and be cognizant of time management (resource person, doesn't always have to be giving medication) |
| what is the member of profession | maintain knowledge base and implement evidence based practice care (learn current trends in healthcare) |
| why is the drug legislation important | helps create laws and entities that help protect consumer rights |
| what is federal food and drug act of 1906 (FFDA) | first place of legislation that was related to safety |
| FFDA REQUIRED? | actual drug manufacturers to list presence of any dangerous or addictive substances on drug product label |
| when was FDA established | 1988 |
| what is the FDA | primary regulatory agency for drugs in US |
| anything that classifies as a drug, who regulates? | FDA |
| when was the dietary supplement health and education act established | 1994 |
| does supplements fall under FDA? clinical trials? | they don't fall under FDA, clinical trials don't go through the market |
| manufacturers must ensure consumer safety by? | prohibits manufacturers from making unsubstantiated claims on the label (false claims) |
| what is the avg time of approval for drugs | 12 years to gain drug approval |
| how many preclinical testing phases are there prior to hitting the market | 4 phases |
| what is expedited drug approval | for emergencies (COVID-19), bring drug sooner to market, don't have to go through all clinical phases |
| what is formulary | what kind of medicine insurance covers |
| what is the average cost to bring a drug to market (2021) | 4.54 billion |
| what is a black box warning | there have been patterns of severe reactions (strictest warning by FDA) |
| what is on-label use | prescribes a drug exactly as approved by regulatory bodies like FDA |
| what is off-label use | when doctor prescribes it differently (for another condition, different dose) not specific to FDA's approved packaging label |
| what is the nursing practice act | defines scope of practice, our role, our education requirements, minimal safe practice (exists to protect public) |
| what is the joint commission | accredits healthcare agencies (nationwide symbol of quality) |
| why was the joint commission developed | protects the safety and care of the patient |
| what is CMS purpose | oversees many federal healthcare program and care standards for long term care facilities |
| what are the standards of care | comes from ANA, guidelines that provide a foundation of how a nurse should act and what they should and shouldn't do |
| what are policies vs protocols | policies: differ from facility to facility (certain procedures and processes) protocols: based on symptoms, certain algorithm to follow |
| what is the MAR | medication administration record |
| when should documentation occur for the MAR | after administering medication (NEVER BEFOREHAND) |
| for pain we should always document... | pre and post pain levels |
| what should you go through for pain assessments | 8 rights of med administration and do 3 medication checks |
| what does the facility do when there is a medication error | has incident reporting systems |
| what is the prime purpose for CDC | detects new emerging health threats and aids in preventing disease (promotes healthy and safety behaviors) |
| what is IOM | nonprofit, objective advice on science, tech, health |
| what is ISMP | dedicated to preventing medication errors |
| what is QSEN | improves quality and safety of healthcare systems (education based) |
| what does the ANA Code of ethics state | you must have nonjudgmental nursing care from start until patient is discharged |
| what is beneficence | doing or actively promoting good |
| what is nonmaleficence | no deliberate harm |
| what is autonomy | patient's ability to make an informed decision |
| what is ethical dilemmas | family settings where they want to conceal information from patient |
| what is the controlled substance act of 1970 | established schedules for controlled substances so there's less manipulations of prescriptions being written |
| what has the highest abuse level and medical use is not permitted | schedule C1 |
| examples of c1 drugs | heroin |
| what is schedule c2 drugs | high abuse but medical benefits pertain such as patients with previous drug addiction |
| why is there no refills on c2 drugs | keeps patient consistently going back to provider to be assessed |
| container of c2 drugs must have... | warning label |
| examples of medication labels | may cause drowsiness |
| is there a order required for inpatient for OTC | yes |
| ex of abused OTC | colace, elderly population bowel movements |
| what are some examples of herbal supplements | chamomile, garlic, ginger root |
| why is patient education so important | patient must maintain an active role to make informed decisions |
| what is automated dispensing | computerized machines that store track and dispense medications |
| what is the waste protocol for controlled substances | must be witnessed by another licensed nurse (LVN ok but IV drugs no since it's not in scope of practice) must be in specific designated containers |
Created by:
shinykwon