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Chapter 5

TermDefinition
Intellectual disability Is a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills.
Adaptive behavior No single definition is universally accepted, one says that adaptive behavior consists of social intelligence and practical intelligence.
Social intelligence Involves understanding and interpreting people and social interactions.
Supports The AAIDD defines supports as those strategies and resources that "a person requires to participate in activities associated with normative human functioning"
Mild IQ of about 50 to 70
Moderate IQ of about 35 to 50
Severe IQ of about 20 to 35
Profound IQ below about 20
Prenatal Before birth
Perinatal At the time of birth
Postnatal After birth
Down Syndrome Usually not an inherited condition, involves and anomaly at the 21st pair of chromosomes.
Maternal serum screening Is a blood test that's used to check for "markers", such as certain proteins, in the mother's blood that suggest an increased likelihood of down syndrome.
Nuchal translucency ultrasound Allows the physician to see the fluid from behind the fetuses neck.
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) The physician takes a sample of villi and tests them for chromosomal abnormalities.
Fragile x syndrome Is the most common hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities.
Prader-Willi syndrome Is the result of a genetic abnormality, but very few cases are inherited.
Williams syndrome Is caused by the absence of material on the seventh pair of chromosomes.
Inborn errors of metabolism Result from inherited deficiencies in enzymes used to metabolize basic substances in the body.
Microcephalus The head is abnormally small and conical in shape.
Hydrocephalus Results from an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside or outside the brain.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) Include a range of disorders in children born to women who have consumed alcohol while pregnant.
Rubella (German measles) In addition to being a potential cause for blindness, can also result in intellectual disabilities.
Anoxia Complete deprivation of oxygen
Low birth weight (LBW) Can result in a variety of behavioral and medical problems, including intellectual disabilities.
Working memory (WM) Involves the ability to keep information in mind while simultaneously doing another cognitive task.
Self-regulation Is a broad term referring to the ability to regulate one's own behavior.
Metacognition Refers to a persons awareness of what strategies are needed to perform a task, the ability to plan how to use the strategies, and the evaluation of how well strategies are working.
Explicit instruction Involves being as clear, direct, and precise as possible.
Systematic instruction Involves the teacher
Functional academics Teaching academics in the context of daily living skills.
Domestic skills Involve such things as learning to wash dishes, cook, do laundry, how well the person with intellectual disabilities can do these tasks determines how independently he or she will be able to live.
Community skills Involve such things as using transportation, procuring health care, banking, these skills determine how much an individual can integrate into society.
Sheltered workshop Is a structured environment in which a person receives training and works with other workers with disabilities on jobs requiring relatively low skills.
Supported competitive employment The person with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position but receives ongoing assistance, often from a job coach.
Determination Is the ability to act autonomously, be self-regulated, act in psychologically empowered manner, and act in a self-realized manner.
Person-centered planning A consumer-driven model that encourages individuals to make their own decisions with respect to services while professionals mobilize resources and supports to help the individuals meet their goals.
Created by: whayes
 

 



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