Understanding the natural world using observation, testing, and evidence.

Observe, form a hypothesis, test it, analyze data, and draw conclusions.

A hypothesis is a testable idea; a theory is well-tested and supported by evidence.

Scientific claims must be supported by

measurable and repeatable data.

Identifies factors needed to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations in our galaxy.

The study of life in the universe.

The range of distances from a star where liquid water can exist on a planet’s surface.

Jupiter and Saturn; mostly hydrogen and helium.

Uranus and Neptune; large mantles made of ices.

Leftover planetesimals that never formed into planets.

Why astrobiology focuses on terrestrial planets

Giant planets lack solid surfaces and have turbulent atmospheres.

Earth’s internal structure

Solid inner core, liquid outer core, solid mantle, solid crust.

Cause of plate tectonics

Convective motion in the mantle releasing internal heat.

Dating rocks using radioactive decay.

Time required for half of a radioactive isotope to decay.

Earth’s magnetic field is Produced by

motion of electric charges in the liquid outer core.

Why Earth’s magnetic field is important

Deflects solar wind and protects the atmosphere.

Origin of Earth’s atmosphere

Formed mainly from volcanic outgassing.

CO₂ absorbs and re emits infrared radiation from Earth’s surface.

Incorrect greenhouse idea

Greenhouse gases do not stop hot air from rising.

Regulates climate by balancing warming and cooling over long timescales.

Periods when Earth was nearly completely frozen.

Escape from Snowball Earth

Volcanic CO₂ buildup strengthened the greenhouse effect.

A self-sustained chemical system based on carbon and water.

Common trait of all life (LUCA)

Use of DNA for genetics and ATP for energy.

The universal energy currency of life.

Advantageous traits are passed on more frequently.

Non-random selection acting on random mutations.

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AST 309L #1

Question	Answer
Science is	Understanding the natural world using observation, testing, and evidence.
Scientific method	Observe, form a hypothesis, test it, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
Hypothesis vs theory	A hypothesis is a testable idea; a theory is well-tested and supported by evidence.
Scientific claims must be supported by	measurable and repeatable data.
Drake Equation	Identifies factors needed to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations in our galaxy.
Astrobiology	The study of life in the universe.
Habitable zone	The range of distances from a star where liquid water can exist on a planet’s surface.
Terrestrial planets	Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
Gas giants	Jupiter and Saturn; mostly hydrogen and helium.
Ice giants	Uranus and Neptune; large mantles made of ices.
Asteroids and comets	Leftover planetesimals that never formed into planets.
Why astrobiology focuses on terrestrial planets	Giant planets lack solid surfaces and have turbulent atmospheres.
Earth’s internal structure	Solid inner core, liquid outer core, solid mantle, solid crust.
Cause of plate tectonics	Convective motion in the mantle releasing internal heat.
Radiometric dating	Dating rocks using radioactive decay.
Half-life concept	Time required for half of a radioactive isotope to decay.
Earth’s magnetic field is Produced by	motion of electric charges in the liquid outer core.
Why Earth’s magnetic field is important	Deflects solar wind and protects the atmosphere.
Origin of Earth’s atmosphere	Formed mainly from volcanic outgassing.
Main component of the atmosphere	Nitrogen.
Greenhouse effect	CO₂ absorbs and re emits infrared radiation from Earth’s surface.
Incorrect greenhouse idea	Greenhouse gases do not stop hot air from rising.
CO₂ cycle	Regulates climate by balancing warming and cooling over long timescales.
Snowball Earth	Periods when Earth was nearly completely frozen.
Escape from Snowball Earth	Volcanic CO₂ buildup strengthened the greenhouse effect.
Definition of life	A self-sustained chemical system based on carbon and water.
Common trait of all life (LUCA)	Use of DNA for genetics and ATP for energy.
ATP	The universal energy currency of life.
Natural selection	Advantageous traits are passed on more frequently.
Darwinian evolution	Non-random selection acting on random mutations.
Evidence for common ancestry	All life uses DNA and ATP.

Created by: rileyrola

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