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PSYC 101 Unit 1
Exam 1 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychology | The study of how people think, feel, and behave |
| Father of Psychology | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Pseudoscience | Fake science. Sounds real but isn’t tested or proven. |
| Scientific Attitude | being curious, questioning things, and being willing to be wrong |
| Scientific Skepticism | Don’t believe claims without proof. |
| Critical Thinking | Thinking carefully instead of believing everything you hear. |
| Correlation ≠ Causation | Just because two things are related doesn’t mean one causes the other. |
| Falsifiable | A claim must be testable. |
| Replication | Other scientists should be able to repeat the study. |
| Occam’s Razor | The simplest explanation is usually correct. |
| Random Selection | Everyone has an equal chance of being chosen. |
| Independent Variable (IV) | What the researcher changes. |
| Dependent Variable (DV) | What the researcher measures. |
| Correlation Coefficient | A number from **-1 to +1** showing how related two things are. |
| Statistical Significance | Results are probably not due to chance. |
| Operational Definition | Explains exactly how something is measured. |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction. |
| Theory | A well-supported explanation. |
| Peer Review | Other experts check the research before it’s published. |
| Mean | Average. |
| Median | Middle number. |
| Mode | Most common number. |
| Range | Highest minus lowest. |
| Standard Deviation | How spread out the scores are. |
| Nature vs. Nurture | Behavior is influenced by genes and environment |
| Neuron | a nerve cell that sends messages |
| Dendrites | receive messages |
| Axon | sends messages |
| Myelin sheath | speeds messages |
| Glial Cells | support & protects neurons |
| Sensory | bringing info in |
| Motor | sends commands out |
| Interneurons | processes info |
| Action Potential | an electrical signal in a neuron |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain & spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | all other nerves |
| Somatic System | voluntary movement |
| Autonomic System | involuntary actions |
| Sympathetic | fight or flight response |
| Parasympathetic | calm & relaxed |
| Frontal Lobe | decision-making & personality |
| Parietal Lobe | touch & space |
| Temporal Lobe | hearing and memory |
| Occipital Lobe | vision |
| *Amygdala | emotions (fear) |
| Hippocampus | memory |
| Hypothalamus | Hunger, thirst, hormones. |
| Cerebellum | Balance and coordination. |
| Brainstem | Breathing and heartbeat. |
| Limbic System | Emotions and memory. |
| Circadian Rhythm | Your 24-hour sleep clock. |
| Selective Attention | Focusing on one thing. |
| Inattentional Blindness | Missing something obvious. |
| Paradoxical (REM) Sleep | Dreaming stage of sleep. |
| Sleep Disorders | Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea. |
| Why We Dream | * Process memories or desires |
| Brain development | * Make sense of random signals |
| *Depressants | Slow the nervous system. |
| Stimulants | Speed up the nervous system. |
| Hallucinogens | Change perception. |
| Withdrawal | Symptoms when stopping a drug. |
| Sequential Processing | Step-by-step thinking. |
| Parallel Processing | Many things at once. |
Created by:
coangel25