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CPT Vocab
Section 4-
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HIIT | High-intensity interval training: intervals of near-max intensity exercise in between short rest periods |
| HRA | Health risk assessment: Screening tool to evaluate risks and benefits before starting exercise |
| PAR-Q+ | Physical activity readiness questionnaire: assesses readiness to participate in structured exercise |
| HHQ | Health history questionnaire: diet, sleep, stress, occupation, exercise history, hobbies/recreation, past medical history |
| Rationale for fitness assessments | Relevance, appropriateness, validity, reliability |
| Peripheral vasodilation | Widening blood vessels near the skin to lose heat |
| Exercise test termination criteria | Chest pain, drop in BP greater than 10mmHg, excess BP elevation if SBP >250mmHg or DBP >115mmHg, excess fatigue, signs of lack of oxygen, unconciousness |
| Anthropometry | Study of measurement of humans to understand physical variation in size, weight, and proportion |
| BMI <18.5 classification | Underweight |
| BMI 18.5-24.6 classification | Healthy weight |
| BMI 25-29.9 classification | Overweight |
| BMI 30-34.9 classification | Obese |
| BMI 35-39.9 classification | Obesity 2 |
| BMI >40 classification | Obesity 3 |
| Where to take waist circumference measurement | At narrowest part of waist, around belly button height |
| At risk waist circumference | Men with >100 cm (~40in) and women with >88cm (~35in) |
| WHR | Waist-to-hip ratio: ratio correlated to cardiovascular risk |
| Gynoid | Pear-shaped torso, more fat in hips and thighs, lower cardio risk |
| Android | Apple-shaped torso, more fat in abdomen, higher cardio risk |
| Gluteal fold | Where the fold of the bum joins the back of the thigh |
| WHR Low classification | Men <0.95, women <0.8 |
| WHR moderate classification | Men 0.96-1.0, women 0.81-0.85 |
| WHR high classification | Men 1.0+, women 0.86+ |
| Skinfold measurements | Estimate body fat percentage by pinching skin with calipers |
| Jackson and Pollock 7-site protocol | Skinfold measurements at 7 different place, most accurate |
| Jackson and Pollock 3-site protocol | Skinfold measurement at 3 places, men: chest, abdomen, thigh, women: triceps, suprailic, thigh |
| 4-site Durnin-Womersly protocol | Skinfold measurements at 4 sites on upper abdomen, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailic |
| BIA | Bioelectrical Impedance Assessment: estimates body fat % by measuring resistance to flow of electricity though the body |
| Archimedes's principle | The amount of water and object displaces is proportional to its mass |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | Ability for cardiovascular and respiratory system to provide oxygen during exercise |
| VO2max test | Maximal oxygen uptake: measures body's upper limit of O2 use (peak VO2), reflect heart health |
| RPE | Rating of Perceived Exertion: how hard it feels while exercising |
| YMCA 3-minute step test | 3-minute bout of stair stepping at 96 steps/min on a 12in block to measure aerobic fitness |
| Recovery Heart Rate (RHR) | Heart rate after exercise that indicates heart health |
| Rockport Walk test | Person walks as fast as possible for 1 mile, then records HR |
| 1.5 mile run test | For more fit people, person runs 1.5 miles as fast as possible, then records HR |
| Talk test | Measures heart health by seeing whether person can talk at varying intensities of exercise |
| Ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) | When body uses equal mix of carbs and fats for energy |
| Steady-state (SS) heart rate | When HR is relatively constant in relation to amount of work performed |
| Ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) | When glucose provides all energy for an activity |
| VT2 talk test | Measures level that body can work at max sustainable SS HR for more than a few minutes, only for performance goals |
| Anaerobic energy systems | Energy systems converting glycogen to glucose aren't enough to create ATP |
| Static posture | Body position when not moving |
| Dynamic posture | Body alignment when moving |
| Pes planus | Flat foot; collapsed arch |
| Kinetic chain checkpoints | Areas monitored during exercise: foot/ankle, knees, LPHC, shoulders, head |
| Knee valgus | Knees bent inwards |
| Knee varus | Knees bent outwards |
| Pes planus distortion syndrome | Postural syndrome with flat feet, knee valgus, adducted and internally rotated hips |
| Pes planus distortion syndrome overactive muscles | Gastrocnemius & soleus (calves), adductor complex (thighs), hip flexors |
| Pes planus distortion syndrome underactive muscles | Anterior & posterior tibialis (shin), gluteus maximus & medius |
| Lordosis | Normal curve of cervical and lumbar spine, concave curve |
| Lower Crossed syndrome | Postural syndrome with anterior pelvic tilt and excessive lordosis of lumbar spine |
| Lower Crossed syndrome overactive muscles | Hip flexors and lumbar extensors (low-back muscles) |
| Lower Crossed syndrome underactive muscles | Gluteus maximus & medius, hamstring complex, abdominals |
| Upper Crossed syndrome | Postural syndrome with forward head and neck with protracted shoulders (rounded forward), hunchback look |
| Upper Crossed syndrome overactive muscles | Pectoralis major & minor, levator scapula & sternocleidomastoid (neck), upper trapizius |
| Upper Crossed syndrome underactive muscles | Middle & lower trapizuis, rhomboids (mid-back), deep cervical flexors (neck) |
| OHSA | Overhead squat assessment: Squatting to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control |
| Single-leg squat assessment | Movement assessment looking at dynamic posture, lower-extremity strength, balance, and coordination, not for people at risk for falling or recovering from leg/ankle/foot injuries |
| Pushing assessment & pulling assessment | Movement assessment for upper extremities and trunk |
| Push-up test | Performance assessment for muscular endurance of upper extremities |
| Bench press strength assessment | Performance assessment to estimate 1-rep max of bench press |
| Squat strength assessment | Performance assessment to estimate 1-rep max of squat with weights |
| Vertical jump assessment | Performance assessment testing max jump height and lower extremity power |
| Long jump assessment | Performance assessment testing max jump distance and lower extremity power |
| LEFT | Lower extremity functional test: performance assessment testing lateral speed and agility |
| 40-yard dash assessment | Performance assessment testing reaction capabilities, acceleration, and max sprinting speed |
| Pro shuttle (5-10-5) assessment | Performance assessment testing lateral acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control |
| Reassessment period | Every month or quarterly |
| Overactive muscles turning out feet | Gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Integrated training | Combo of all forms of exercise to ensure well-balanced work-outs |
| Progressive overload | Increasing intensity or amount of exercise systematically/gradually |
| Fundamental movement patterns | Common movements performed in daily life and are involved in exercise |
| Posture | Relative placement of the body in relation to physical position |
| Acute variables | Factors determining how an exercise should be performed |
| Repetition | Once complete movement of an exercise |
| Set | A group of consecutive repetitions |
| Rest interval | Time between sets to rest |
| Training intensity | Level of effort compared to max effort, usually % |
| Training volume | Sum of repetitions in a set during each training session multiplied by resistance used |
| Stretch-shortening cycle | Eccentrically loading a muscle to prep for rapid concentric contraction |
| SAQ | Speed, agility, and quickness training |
| OPT model level 1 | Stabilization: endurance |
| Superset | 2 exercises done quickly back to back without a break |
| OPT model level 2 | Strength: endurance, muscular development, maximal strength |
| OPT model level 3 | Power |
| Rate of force production | Ability for muscle to exert max force in minimal amount of time |
| OPT Phase 1 | Stabilization endurance training: improve movement patterns and muscle imbalances |
| OPT Phase 2 | Strength endurance training: increase prime mover strength |
| OPT Phase 3 | Muscular development training: build muscle mass |
| OPT Phase 4 | Maximal strength training: increase max prime mover strength |
| OPT Phase 5 | Power Training: increase max strength and rate of force production |
| Benefits of flexibility training | Improved ROM, less risk of injury |
| Benefits of cardiorespiratory training | Improves cardio (HR, BP) |
| Benefits of core training | Improves posture, lowers back pain, increases rotational strength |
| Benefits of plyometric training | Improves stretch-shortening cycle (better explosive movement) |
| Benefits of SAQ training | Improved agility and speed |
| Benefits of resistance training | Increased strength and muscle build, reduces body fat, better bone mineral density |
| Benefits of balance training | Decreased risk of injury, improved stability |
| Flexibility | Normal ability for muscles to stretch soft tissues at normal ROM |
| Extensibility | Ability to stretch/elongate |
| Mobility | Optimal flexibility and ROM of a joint |
| Myofascial | Connective tissue like muscles and fascia |
| Relative flexibility | When body seeks path of least resistance while moving |
| Lengthening reaction | Lengthening a muscle leads to multiple neurological reactions to allow the muscle to stretch |
| Static stretching | Holding the muscle in a stretched position long enough to let the muscle relax |
Created by:
XiaoYiSheng