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WW1 Section 1, 2, 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define militarism | policy of maintaining a strong armed forces and being ready and willing to use them. |
| How did the alliance work? | agreement between 2 countries, if one needed help, the other would come to their aid. |
| Give another name for the Triple Alliance | Central Powers |
| List the countries that made up the Allied Powers | France, Russia, and Great Britian |
| What event in history was the spark that started World War 1? | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was assassinated while visiting Bosnia. |
| List in order the countries that entered the war and why they entered it. (First 3) | 1-Austria prepared for war against Serbia. 2-Russia was a protector of Serbia so they got ready to fight Austria. 3-Germany entered because they were an ally of Austria-Hungary. |
| Countries that entered the war and why. (4-6) | 4-Germany declared war on France. 5-Great Britian declared war on Germany and Austria. 6-Italy had territorial grievances against Austria switched to the Allied side. |
| How did America as a nation respond to getting involved in the war originally? | They stayed neutral at first. |
| List 3 reasons many people in America sided with the Allied Powers. | 1-Many had deep social ties to England. 2-U.S. remembered France helped us gain our independence.3-Central Powers seemed to be the aggressors. |
| How did Germany use propaganda? | Germany called it the "hunger blockade", said Britian starved innocent women and children. |
| How did Great Britian use propaganda? | Germany destroyed libraries and churches, shot civilian hostages, and executed and English nurse. |
| What other factor besides propaganda played a big part in who we sided with? | Economic Considerations |
| Compare our trade with each side in 1914. | $825 million in trade with the Allies. Less than $170 million with the Central Powers. |
| Compare our trade with each side in 1916. | Trade with the Allies had grown to more than $3 billion. Trade with the Central Powers was reduced to $2 million. |
| What was Great Britian doing to all the ships carrying war material? | they were stopping the ships |
| Define war material: | weapons and equipment |
| Define contraband: | prohibited goods |
| What else besides war material could be seized? | Nonmilitary goods used as military supplies |
| What could not be seized? | Food, raw materials, and finished goods for civilian use. |
| Why was the U.S. upset with Great Britian? | Great Britian was stopping U.S. ships carrying nonmilitary goods to the Central Powers. |
| What was the new weapon Germany introduced? | submarine or U-boat |
| What outraged many Americans? | Germany used the submarine to sink four British ships. |
| What did many Americans say about this action? | They said it broke the rules of "civilized war". |
| What did Germany say they would do? | They would sink any Allied ship around Great Britian. |
| What did international law say? | A ship had to warn a nonmilitary target before attacking it so the crew and passengers could evacuate. |
| What was the Lusitania? | British luxury liner sailed from New York. |
| How many passengers were on the Lusitania? | 1257 passengers |
| What had Germany done to warn the people about sailing on the Lusitania? | Placed a warning in the New York papers telling people not to sail there. |
| What did Britain tell the captain to do? | steer a zigzag course |
| What was the death toll? | 1198 passengers |
| How many Americans were killed? | 128 |
| Why did Germany say they sunk the Lusitania? | because it was carrying contraband |
| Define preparedness: | military readiness for war |
| Define pacifists: | people opposed to war or violence as a means of settling a dispute. |
| What did President Wilson call for the countries at war to do? (3 things) | 1-end to all international issues. 2-end to limitations of arms 3-end to the opening of the seas to all nations. |
| what did the President say the U.S. would do? | join other nations in guaranteeing peace if it were a peace without victory. |
| How did Germany respond to President Wilson's statements? | They ordered unrestricted submarine warfare. |
| What was the name given to the note that Germany sent to Mexico? | Zimmerman Note |
| What happened in March 1917? | Germany sank 4 American ships |
| On what date did the U.S. declare war on Germany? | April 6, 1917. |
| Name 3 problems the U.S. faced in training the country for war | We had no selective service Few military camps Very few arms and virtually no tanks or airplanes |
| Define selective service: | draft registration for armed services. |
| What board was in charge of producing and purchasing all war supplies? | War Industries Board |
| What group urged people to plant victory gardens? | Food Administration |
| Who took the place of men in factories who went to war? | women and African Americans |
| What is the Espionage Act of 1917? | Heavy fine and 20 years in prison for anyone helping the enemy, interfering with the draft, encouraged disloyalty, or refused to serve in the military. |
| What is the Sedition Act? | Crime to write, print, publish, or say anything negative about the government, Constitution, flag, or uniforms of the services. 450 conscientious objectors (people who refuse to serve in the military were jailed. |
| Name three things that were German and discouraged by Americans during World War 1. | Language, art, and music. |
| Who suffered because of Anti-German propaganda? | German Americans |
| Define convoy technique: | consisted of having a large number of merchant ships travel in a pack surrounded by a small number of armed vessels protecting them from submarines or U-boats. |
| How successful was the convoy technique? | Less than 1% of the protected ships were lost to the enemy. |
| Name the 6 new weapons that were used during World War 1. | Airplane Flame-Thrower Machine Gun Armored Tank Submarine Chemicals |
| Name two types of warfare used for the first time during WW1. | Trench warfare, and submarine warfare. |
| Were the soldiers we sent to Europe ready for war? | no |
| Who was the general in charge of training our men in Europe? | General John J. Pershing |
| Describe the trenches the men fought in when they used "trench warfare". | 6 ft. deep, 4 ft. wide |
| List at least 3 things that made these trenches dangerous and smelly. | 1-poison gas settled in them. 2-at night, rats overcame to feed on the dead and alive. 3-it was cold, damp, and crowded. |
| What did the term "No Man's Land" mean in reference to "trench warfare"? | the area between the trenches where soldiers would fire at each other. |
| Casualties of war - give numbers for each. | American - 125,000 British - 900,000 French - 1,385,000 Russians - 1,700,000 Total # of soldiers that died - 9 million Total # of civilians that died - 13 million |
| When Wilson tried to stop submarine warfare what did Germany say they would allow? | one American ship a week to travel through the war zone. |
| Describe how the ships had to be painted. | red and white stripes |
| How did most Americans feel about this requirement? | they were insulted |
| Who did the German Prime Minister send the Zimmerman note to? | German Minister in Mexico City |
| What did the Zimmerman note say? | if the U.S. entered the war Mexico should ally itself with Germany. |
| What did the note get President Wilson to do? | he started arming merchant ships. |
| What happened March 1917 concerning American ships? | Germany sank 4 American ships. |
| What did the U.S. do on April 6, 1917? | they declared war on Germany |
| Was the U.S. ready for war? | no |
| Were we trained as a nation for war? | no |
| Tell about our military camps, arms, tanks, and airplanes. | very few of them |
| What did the Selective Service say? | all men between 21-30 were required to register for military service |
| how was it changed? | all men between 18-45 |
| What was the duty of the War Industries Board? | produce and purchase all our war supplies |
| What did it get industry to do? | produce huge amounts of supplies for soldiers |
| What was the Fuel Administration duty? | Increase production and reduce consumption of fuel |
| What did they start? | Daylight savings time |
| Why was it started? | To conserve fuel |
| What was the duty of the Food Administration? | Encourage farmers to produce more food and encourage the public to eat less. |
| What did they urge Americans to do? | plant victory gardens and pledge themselves to "meatless and wheat less" days |
| Define victory gardens- | Gardens so they could make their own food, so the soldiers could have everything else, and victory was for the soldiers hoping we win. |
| How did the nation's economy do while the war was going on in Europe? | good, the nation prospered |
| Tell about prices and wages during the war. | prices rose, but wages rose faster |
| How did the farmers profit by the war? | they found an increased market for the products - Europe |
| How did the war affect the number of jobs? | it created new jobs |
| What happened to the number of factories during the war? | the number of factories expanded |
| How did the war help minorities? | they could get jobs |
| Tell about the jobs many of the minorities got. | Many jobs that were only filled by whites before. |
| How many blacks moved to the North during the war years? | over 500,000 |
| List the 6 new roles women took on during the war years. | Red Cross K.C. Salvation Army Military Jobs Factory Jobs YWCA |
| Tell all the ways that children contributed to the war effort. (List 4) | Boy Scouts planted their own gardens. Girl Scouts rolled band-aids and assembled first aid kits and knitted socks. Boys took part in military drills at school. Both marched in bands and parades to promote Liberty Loan drives. |
| Define civil liberties - | rights citizens have |
| Why did Americans give up many of their civil liberties during the war? | to protect national security |
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