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Endocrine
A/P 2 ch.13 Endocrine system cram
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Which feature best distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands? They secrete enzymes They release products into ducts They act only locally They are ductless and secrete into blood | They are ductless and secrete into blood |
| Hormones exert their effects only on cells that: Are closest to the gland Are actively dividing Are innervated by nerves Contain specific receptors | Contain specific receptors |
| Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system typically: Acts faster and more briefly Acts slower with longer-lasting effects Uses synapses to transmit signals Has more specific target control | Acts slower with longer-lasting effects |
| Steroid hormones differ from nonsteroid hormones because steroid hormones: Bind to membrane receptors Use second messengers Are derived from cholesterol Are water-soluble | Are derived from cholesterol |
| Which hormone would most likely use cAMP as a second messenger? Cortisol Aldosterone Epinephrine Thyroxine | Epinephrine |
| The term signal transduction refers to: Hormone synthesis in glands. Transport of hormones in blood. Conversion of an extracellular signal to an intracellular response. Breakdown of hormones by the liver. | Conversion of an extracellular signal to an intracellular response |
| Downregulation of receptors occurs when: Hormone levels are low Hormone levels are high Target cells are inactive Hormones are lipid-soluble | Hormone levels are high |
| Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus but released by the posterior pituitary? Growth hormone Prolactin ADH TSH | ADH |
| Which anterior pituitary hormone directly stimulates the thyroid gland? TRH T3 ACTH TSH | TSH |
| Which hormone increases blood calcium levels? Calcitonin Thyroxine Parathyroid hormone Aldosterone | Parathyroid hormone |
| 11. Epinephrine and norepinephrine primarily mimic the effects of: Parasympathetic stimulation Thyroid hormones Sympathetic nervous system activation Cortisol release | Sympathetic nervous system activation |
| 12. Aldosterone directly causes the kidneys to: A. Excrete sodium and retain potassium B. Retain sodium and excrete potassium C. Excrete water only D. Decrease blood volume | Retain sodium and excrete potassium |
| 13. Cortisol secretion is directly stimulated by: A. TSH B. CRH only C. ACTH D. Epinephrine | ACTH |
| Which pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose concentration? A. Glucagon B. Insulin C. Somatostatin D. Epinephrine | Insulin |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus is best described as: Insulin resistance Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Excess glucagon secretion Overproduction of insulin | Autoimmune destruction of beta cells |
| Melatonin secretion is associated with regulation of: Metabolic rate Calcium balance Circadian rhythms Blood glucose | Circadian rhythms |
| The alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome is characterized by: | Fight-or-flight response |
| Which hormone directly promotes milk ejection during lactation? | Oxytocin |
| the single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood? | parathyroid hormone |
| what structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye? | iris |
| the oval window of the ear is connected directly to which passageway? | scala vestibuli |
| ceruminous glands are.. | (ear wax) modified apocrine glands |
| How many different color receptors? | 3. red,green,blue |
| where is a sensation actually perceived? | brain |
| an example of a mechanoreceptor. a. organ of corti in ear b. olfactory cells in the nose c. gustatory cells in taste buds d. rods and cones in the eye | organ of corti in ear |
| an example of a thermoreceptor. a. organ of corti in ear b. olfactory cells in the nose c. free nerve endings in the skin d. rods and cones in the eye | free nerve endings in the skin |
| an example of a chemoreceptor. a. organ of corti in ear b. olfactory cells in the nose c. free nerve endings in the skin d. rods and cones in the eye | olfactory cells in the nose |
| an example of a photoreceptor. a. organ of corti in ear b. olfactory cells in the nose c. gustatory cells in taste buds d. rods and cones in the eye | rods and cones in the eye |
| this part of the eye transmits visual info from retina to brain | optic nerve. |
| this structure in the eye lies behind the pupil, and helps refract light to focus on the retina. | lens |
| hole in the center of the iris of the eye, controls amount of light coming into the eye. | pupil |
| transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. | cornea |
| eye structure located between the iris and the cornea, filled with aqueous humor. | anterior chamber |
| this structure in the eye determines eye color and controls pupil size. | iris |
| this is the innermost layer of the eye and contains photoreceptors. | retina. |
| tough protective outer layer of the eye is continuous with the cornea. | sclera |
| this part of the eye contains the vitreous humor. | posterior segment |
| this stimulus results in vision. | light |
| this type of eye disease is caused by abnormally high pressure in the eye, which causes optic nerve damage. | glaucoma |
| this eye disease occurs when changes in blood vessels of the retina cause swelling and fluid leakage. | diabetic retinopathy |
| these photoreceptor cells are responsible for low light and peripheral side vision. | rod cells |
| which of these is NOT a bone in the middle ear? | cochlea. |
| __ determines the pitch of sound, ___ determines volume of sound. | wavelength ; amplitude |
| this structure seperates the middle ear from the outer ear. | tympanic membrane |
| this structure initially vibrates in response to sound waves that come into the ear. | tympanic membrane |
| this structure is responsible for amplifying sound waves before they enter the fluid-filled inner ear canals. | oval window |
| which of the following structures is NOT responsible for maintaining balance in the inner ear. semicircular canals cochlea vestibule vestibular nerve | cochlea. |
| which of the following is true of a steroid hormone? 1. its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell. 2. it requires a second messenger 3. it converts ATP into cyclic AMP 4. all of the above are true of steroid hormones | its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell |
| these endocrine glands are located in the brain. | hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary |
| this hormone is responsible for male sex characteristics and sperm production. | testosterone |
| this hormone is important for female sex characteristics and important for maintaining pregnancy. | estrogen and progesterone |
| this hormone is important for anti-inflammatory properties in the body. | glucorticoids |
| this hormone is responsible for raising blood sugar | glucagon |
| this hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels | parathyroid hormone |
| this hormone is responsible for metabolism in the body | T3 |
| this hormone stimulates contractions of the uterus. | oxytocin |
| this hormone is responsible for maintaining our circadian rhythm | melatonin |
| this gland produces oxytocin and ADH | hypothalamus |
| this gland secretes oxytocin and ADH | posterior pituitary |
| this gland secretes melatonin | pineal |
| this gland secretes glucocorticoids | adrenal cortex |
| this gland secretes T3 and T4 | thyroid |
| this gland produces hormones that are important for regulating blood glucose levels. | pancreatic islets |
| these types of cells in the pancreas produce glucagon. | alpha cells |
| this gland is located on the superior surface of the kidneys | adrenal |
| the regulation of blood glucose levels is an example of positive feedback mechanism. (T/F) | false |
| sebaceous glands are an example of an endocrine gland. (T/F) | false |
| which is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus? humoral neural enzymatic hormonal | enzymatic |
| the effect of a hormone on a target cell may be decreased by the presence of a(an) | antagonist hormone |
| which can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes. growth hormone testosterone melatonin calcitonin | testosterone |
| what hormone helps prevents drops in blood glucose? | glucagon |
| leptin is secreted by | adipose cells |
| bitter is elicited by | alkaloids |
Created by:
amy.still