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CogNeuro Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Penfield findings after electric stimulation + importance mapping structure to function: patients saw things that weren't there because the brain was being stimulated
Brain definition physical stimulus made up of billions of nerve cells that control all bodily functions of human
Mind definition intellectual and psychological phenomena of a human
Cognitive neuroscience definition field that tries to explain cognition in terms of brain-based mechanisms
Macroneural macroscopic (larger) regions of the brain and their interactions represent or encode cognitive processes (brain imaging)
Microneural system of microscopic (smaller) neurons and how their interactions represent or encode cognitive processes
Which (macroneural or microneural) applies most to study of cogneuro? macroneural
Cognition definition higher mental processes
3 examples of cognition perceiving, speaking, reading
Conscioussness definition state of awareness of one's own existence and experience
Mind-Body Problem definition philosophical question of science; hwo the physical body can give rise to non-physical thought/emotion/cognition
Dualism by Descartes; body and mind are separate and interact; body = material machine, mind = nonmaterial and doesn't follow laws of physics
Dual-Aspect mind and body/brain are two levels of explanation for th esame thing; one underlying dimension is responsible for both
Reductionism mind eventually explained soley in terms of physical/biological theory; mind can be reduced to the brain/body
Monism by Thales; everything reduced to one substance
Easy problem of cogneuro related to mind-body problem correlating brain with mental states
Hard problem of cogneuro related to mind body problem explaining how physical processes in the brain give rise to consciousness
Phrenology definition pseudoscience; functional specialization; differences in personality traits manifest in differences in cortical size and bumps on the skull; lots of division of psych traits
Why is phrenology important despite being debunked? idea that different regions of the brain serve different functions is supported and called functional specialization
Functional specialization definition different parts of cortext (outer layer) serve different functions
Computer metaphor for cognition think of mind as a series of routines, like in computers
information-processing model human cognition like a computer; don't make direct reference to the brain
connectionist model mathematical (computational) in nature but don't involve serial processing and discrete routines; these computational models mirror how neurons wokr
temporal resolution definition time resolution; how good the measurement is/how well it can track the timing
spatial resolution definition where in the brain the activity is
what does invasiveness mean? yeah idk
localization problem definition oversimplification; idea that sometiems it seems like we are saying "x marks the spot" with brain processes and fucntions
binding problem definition opposite of localization problem; how items that are encoded by distinct brain circuits can be combined for perception, devision, and action
Created by: user-1862529
 

 



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