Gave 160 acres of free land to settlers who farmed it for five years to encourage western settlement.

Broke up Native American tribal land into individual plots to force assimilation; weakened tribes.

Government policy that confined Native Americans to specific areas, often poor-quality land.

Battle of Little Bighorn

Native American victory against U.S. forces led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

U.S. Army killed hundreds of Lakota; marked the end of Native American resistance.

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

7. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Supreme Court case that upheld “separate but equal” segregation.

Fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise African Americans.

Voting requirement used to exclude African Americans from the polls.

African American leader who supported vocational education and gradual equality.

Civil rights leader who demanded immediate political and social equality.

Period of rapid economic growth and extreme wealth inequality after the Civil War.

Business strategy where a company controls all stages of production.

Horizontal Integration

Business strategy where companies buy out competitors.

Large business combination that reduces competition.

Complete control of an industry by one company.

Laissez-Faire Economics

Belief that government should not interfere in the economy.

Idea that wealth and success are based on natural selection.

Belief that the rich should use their wealth to benefit society.

Growth of cities due to industrial jobs and immigration.

Overcrowded and poorly maintained urban housing.

Community centers that provided services to immigrants (ex: Hull House).

Social reformer who founded Hull House.

Corrupt city organizations that traded services for votes.

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

First law banning immigration based on nationality.

Labor union open to all workers that sought broad reforms.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Union for skilled workers focused on wages and hours.

Pullman Strike (1894)

Major railroad strike crushed by federal troops.

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Stack #4620252

Term	Definition
Homestead Act (1862)	Gave 160 acres of free land to settlers who farmed it for five years to encourage western settlement.
Dawes Act (1887)	Broke up Native American tribal land into individual plots to force assimilation; weakened tribes.
Reservation System	Government policy that confined Native Americans to specific areas, often poor-quality land.
Battle of Little Bighorn	Native American victory against U.S. forces led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse.
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)	U.S. Army killed hundreds of Lakota; marked the end of Native American resistance.
Jim Crow Laws	State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

7. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)	Supreme Court case that upheld “separate but equal” segregation.
Poll Tax	Fee required to vote, used to disenfranchise African Americans.
Literacy Test	Voting requirement used to exclude African Americans from the polls.
Booker T. Washington	African American leader who supported vocational education and gradual equality.
W.E.B. Du Bois	Civil rights leader who demanded immediate political and social equality.
Gilded Age	Period of rapid economic growth and extreme wealth inequality after the Civil War.
Vertical Integration	Business strategy where a company controls all stages of production.
Horizontal Integration	Business strategy where companies buy out competitors.
Trust	Large business combination that reduces competition.
Monopoly	Complete control of an industry by one company.
Laissez-Faire Economics	Belief that government should not interfere in the economy.
Social Darwinism	Idea that wealth and success are based on natural selection.
Gospel of Wealth	Belief that the rich should use their wealth to benefit society.
Urbanization	Growth of cities due to industrial jobs and immigration.
Tenement	Overcrowded and poorly maintained urban housing.
Settlement Houses	Community centers that provided services to immigrants (ex: Hull House).
Jane Addams	Social reformer who founded Hull House.
Political Machines	Corrupt city organizations that traded services for votes.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)	First law banning immigration based on nationality.
Knights of Labor	Labor union open to all workers that sought broad reforms.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)	Union for skilled workers focused on wages and hours.
Pullman Strike (1894)	Major railroad strike crushed by federal troops.

Created by: rayleebarber

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