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Stack #4620172

QuestionAnswer
protein synthesis the essential biological process of building proteins, which are chains of amino acids, based on genetic information in DNA.
polypeptide a linear chain of numerous amino acids (typically 10–100 or more) linked together by peptide bonds.
transcription the essential biological process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, primarily messenger RNA (mRNA), to enable gene expression
gene segments of DNA acting as the basic, functional unit of heredity
codon a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that acts as a code for a specific amino acid or signals the start/stop of protein synthesis
anticodon a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule
translation the fundamental biological process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins by decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences into amino acid chains
diploid (of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid (of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
karyotype the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
meiosis a specialized two-round cell division process
sexual reproduction the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).
homologous chromosomes pairs of matching chromosomes in diploid organisms, with one inherited from each parent
sister chromatid two identical copies of a single replicated chromosome
mRNA in protein synthesis serves as a template, directing ribosomes to arrange amino acids in the precise sequence required to synthesize specific proteins. .
tRNA in protein synthesis translating genetic information from mRNA into a specific sequence of amino acids
rRNA in protein synthesis acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids
somatic cells diploid, body cells (skin, muscle, neurons)
gametes haploid sex cells (sperm and eggs)
what is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes Autosomes are pairs of non-sex chromosomes that determine somatic traits and are identical in both males and females. Sex chromosomes are X and Y, which differ between sexes (XX for females, XY for males) and determine biological sex.
Created by: owen14
 

 



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