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Vitamins & Minerals
CPT Section 3 Supplementation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fat-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, & K, not usually needed daily, greater risk for toxicity |
| Water-soluble vitamins | C & B, easier to treat deficiencies |
| Beta-carotene | A red-orange pigment from fruits and veggies that is converted into vitamin A |
| Scurvy | Vitamin C deficiency causing bleeding (often in gums), anemia, teeth loss, joint swelling, fatal |
| Rickets | Vitamin D deficiency causing bone weakness |
| Beriberi | Thiamine (B1) deficiency causing degradation of heart and nerves, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired motor function |
| Pellagra | Niacin/tryptophan deficiency causing skin rash, diarrhea, and dementia |
| Vitamin B6 deficiency | Causes anemia, skin rash, and immune issues |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | Omega-3 fatty acid found in cold-water fish (fish oil) |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | Omega-3 fatty acid found in seafood (fish oil) |
| Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) | Omega-3 fatty acid found in seeds and oils (plants) |
| Number of B vitamins | 8 |
| Iodine function | Thyroid hormone formation |
| B vitamin function | Cofactors and enzyme for metabolism |
| Vitamin D function | Helps deposit calcium in bones, mood regulation |
| Vitamin E | Antioxidant, reduces inflammation and risk of heart issues |
| Vitamin E deficiency | Peripheral neuropathy, skeletal myopathy, immune issues |
| Vitamin K | Increase bone protein content and improve bone strength, negative interactions with anticoagulant drugs |
| Vitamin K deficiency | Rare, causes excess bleeding |
| Active form of Vitamin C | L-ascorbic acid |
| Vitamin C | Collagen formation, protein metabolism, immune boost |
| B7 (Biotin/vitamin H) | Hair, skin, and nail health |
| B9 (folate) | Gene expression, prenatal health |
| B12 (cobalamin) | Red blood cell production |
| B3 | Niacin |
| B1 | Thiamine |
| B2 | Riboflavin |
| B5 | Pantothenic acid |
| B6 | Pyridoxine |
| Toxicity possible for B vitamins.. | B3, B6, & B9 |
| B2 deficiency | Rare, hormone disruptions |
| B9 deficiency | Anemia, neural tube defects in infants (spina bifida) |
| B12 deficiency | Anemia, neurological issues (confusion, poor memory) |
| Choline deficiency | Muscle or liver damage |
| Number of essential minerals | 16 |
| Macrominerals | Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, S |
| Calcium | Bone health and muscle contractions |
| Trace minerals | Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Cobalt, Fluoride, Chromium, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Iodine |
| Iron | Oxygen absorbtion |
| Iodine deficiency | Reduce cognitive ability and increased risk for attention disorders |
| Zinc | Catalyzes reactions |
| Zinc deficiency | Slow growth, loss of appetite, hair loss, compromised immune, reproductive disorders |
| Chromium | Macronutrient metabolism, possible influence on glucose tolerance |
Created by:
XiaoYiSheng