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pharm
exam 1 meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sympathomimetic agents | mimic the SNS by activating the adrenergic receptors |
| sympathomimetic- direct agonists | NE Epi isoproterenol (B1) albuterol (B2) |
| sympathomimetic- indirect agonists | dependent on ability to enhance the actions of endogenous catecholamines |
| sympathomimetic- direct a2 antagonist | yohimbine |
| how to sympathomimetic indirect agonists work? | -increase release of neurotransmitters -blocking re-uptake/removal -preventing enzymes to break down neurotransmitters |
| sympatholytic agents | reduce the effects of SNS by reducing adrenergic receptor activity by blocking NE and Epi actions |
| sympatholytic- beta blockers | propanolol, metoprolol, atenolol |
| sympatholytic- A1 antagonists | praxosin (minipress), clonidine (catapres) |
| praxosin (minipress) | alpha 1 blocker relaxes smooth muscles of vessels used for HTN |
| clonidine | alpha 2 agonist relaxes smooth muscles of vessels used for HTN |
| combined alpha and beta blockers | carvedilol, labetalol, dilevalol used for HTN |
| meds for hypotension | NE, phenylephrine causes vasoconstriction which increases BP |
| meds for cardiogenic shock or acute heart failure | dopamine, dobutamine ionotropic effect, increases force and speed of CO |
| meds for cardiac arrect | isoproterenol, epinephrine increases strength of contractions and causes vasodilation |
| meds for asthma | albuterol direct B2 agonist relaxes smooth muscles in airways |
| meds for anaphalaxis | epinephrine |
| epinephrine | b1 agonist- increases CO B2 agonist- relaxes airways A1 agonist- constricts capillaries and increases BP |
| meds for glaucoma | betaxolol beta blockers lowers pressure by reducing aqueous humor production |
| meds for nasal congestion | oxymetazolin phenylephrine pseudophedrine |
| oxymetazolin | A1 and A2 agonist in arterioles of nasal mucosa- vasoconstriction |
| phenylephrine | A1 agonist in arterioles of nasal mucosa- vasoconstriction |
| pseudoephedrine | acts on both A1 and B1 receptor to cause vasoconstriction |
| parasympathomimetic agents | mimic the PSNS by increasing muscarinic receptor activity |
| parasympathomimetic- direct agonists | ACh, methacholine, bethanechol, muscarine, pilocarpine |
| parasympathomimetic- indirect agonists | inhibits cholinesterase to block degradation neostigmine, physostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine |
| parasympatholytic agents | reduce activation of PSNS by blocking actions of ACh Atropine, scopolamine |
| meds for GI/GU tract | bethanechol, neostigmine |
| meds for dry mouth | stimulates secretions pilocarpine, cevimeline |
| meds for dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction (myasthenia gravis) | pyridostigmine cholinesterase inhibitor |
| meds for memory disorders | donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine cholinesterase inhibitors |
| atropine | nonselective antimuscarinic agent treats bradycardia, reduce salivation and bronchial secretions antidote for overdose of cholinergic drugs |
| methantheline (banthine) | dries salivary secretions |
| propantheline (pro-banthine) | reduces GI motility |
| dihenhydramine (benadryl) | blocks muscarinic receptors and blocks histamine receptors dries nasal secretions, antiemetic, sedation |
| atropine poisoning | dry mouth, mydriasis, tachycardia, hot and flushed skin, elevated body temp, agitation, delirium for as long as 1 week "dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, mad as a hatter" |
Created by:
ago24