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Geo
Chapter four.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are primary activities | Jobs that involved working directly with earths resources e.g miner. |
| What are seconadary activities | Jobs that involve making or manufacturing something e.g builder |
| What are tertiary activities | Providing a service that is useful to people e.g teacher |
| What is a natural resource | Something in the natural world people use to their advantage,such as land,rivers,and seas. |
| What are renewable resources | Resources that can be used over and over again they’ll never run out e,g water. |
| What are non renewable resources | Non renewable or finite resources are resources that can be used once,each time a non renewable resource is used,less of it is left for the future example is oil. |
| Why do non renewable resources run out | Because they cannot be replaced wuickly enough |
| What is exploitation | When a natural resource is used,it’s called exploitation,over exploitation is when a resource is used too much so it might not be available for future generations. |
| What is the four steps of water cucle | Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Run off |
| Explain evaporation | Evaporation occurs when the sun heats up water in rivers,lakes,oceans,trees and plants and turns it into water vapour. |
| Explain condensation | Condensation occurs when water vapour is turned baked into water,the water vapour rises into air,as it rises it cools and vapour condenses into tiny droplets which come together to form a cloud,wind blows these clouds towards land. |
| Explain precipitation | Precipitation occurs when so much water has condensed that the aid cannot hold it anymore,water falls back to earth in form of rain,hail,dew,sleet or snow, |
| Explain run off | When water that fell back onto earth falls back into lakes rivers or may even end up on land,when it ends up on land it will soak into soil and become oat of groundwater animals use to drink or it may run off the soil into oceans,lakes or rivers,restart |
| Who is responsible who looking after the public water supply and waste water in Ireland | Uisce Éireann. |
| What is the name of the chapter four case study | Cork city water supply |
| What is happening in case study | Uisce Éireann is upgrading the water network across cork city, |
| What does upgrading the water supply do? | Ensure a sustainable supply of clean drinking water for the city Providence additional water supply capacity for city’s growing population Reduce leaks and amount of clean drinking water lost in ground |
| What is irrigation | The artificial watering of land,it is done to help crops grow In ears with shortage of rainfall. |
| What is irrigation case study | iBIS Pakistan. |
| What does the ibis do to | The ibis used a network of canals,dams and reservoirs to trap and store water during rainy season,water is then transported and used during the dry seasons,this allows Pakistan to grow food for its population |
| What are advantages of IBis | It has improved crop yields,meaning there is more food and greater food security 40 percentage more land is now available for farming purposes The diet of people in region has improved due to larger variety foods grown. |
| Disadvantages of ibis name 3. | The construction and miatence costs are very high The distribution of water can be unfair some farmers benefit more than others Dams trap sediment which is a natural fertilizer for soil,this decreases soil fertility overtime. |
| What is a continental shelfd | Area of seabed around a continent |
| What is plankton | Small and microscopic organisms that fish and what feed on |
| What is overfishing | Fish are a natural renewable resource,overfishing courses when fish are taken from water faster than they can reproduce. |
| What are the reasons for over fishing | Modern technology Mesh sizes Seasons Quotas,u |
| Explain why modern technology is a reason for overfishing | The improvement in sonar technology and radar equipment means fish are easier to locate and catch,more supertrawekes means they can stay out at sea longer and catch more,factory ships accompany trawlers which process fish at sea and keep them refrigerated |
| Explain how mesh sizes are a reason for overfishing | Small mesh size of nets leads to young underdeveloped fish being caught,this reduces opportunity for the fish to breed and replace their stocks. |
| Explain why seasons are a reason for overfishing | As there was no closed season for fishing,fish could be caught all year round,this meant fish were not able to breed and replace their stocks. |
| Explain why quotas are a reason for overfishing | A quota is a limit on the number of fish that can be caught, a lack of quotas meant there was no limit to the amount of fish a trawler can catch, |
| Name two fishing ports in Ireland | Killybegs in co.donegal Dingle in co.kerry. |
| Why is the fisihung industry important in Ireland? | Direct employment is supplied making it important for people’s incomes and like literally surviving because you need money to pay for stuff Food as fish are food and plentiful at the continental shelf of Ireland. |
| What is a conservation zone?/box | A area wheee natural resources are to be protected and maintained |
| What is agriculture? | The practice of farming,which includes the growing of crops and the rearing of animals. |
| What does farming provide to people? | Employment,food supply,especiallly in Ireland when 6.5 percent of total workforce are employed in agriculture.and agri food products are worth more than 18 billion euro to the Irish economy. |
| What are inputs | Things needed to begin a process in a system,on a farm inputs include cattle and machinery such as tractors |
| What are processes | Processes are tasks or jobs done within a system to produce outputs,on a farm processes include milking,ploughing. |
| What are outputs | Outputs are the products or results of a system,outputs from a farm that a farmer could sell include milk,livestock. |
| What is dairy,arable,and pastoral farming. | Dairy farming: keeping of cows for milk,butter,cheese ect Arable farming: growing of crops e,g barley,also known as tillage farming Pastoral farming:the grazing of cattle or sheep. |
| What is horticulture,livestock,mixed farming | Horticulture: the growing of vegetables,flowers,fruits,ect,also known as market gardening Livestock: keeping cattle,sheep,pigs,horses ect Mixed farming: mixture of keeping livestock and growing crops and vegetables |
| What does the type of agriculture in an area spend on? | The type of soil in the area The landscape shape of the area is also important |
| Explain how the landscape shape of an area is important to the type of agriculture in a area | Because ,sheep are more suited to the hilly and mountainous land in the west of Ireland,while livestock and arable farming are more suited to the central lowlands. |
| Name three things that farming does that affects the environment | Insect sprays Fertilisers Illegal dumping of sillage |
| Explain how insect sprays are harmful to environment | Insect sprays used in crops can be harmful and can end up in our food |
| Explain how fertilizers can impact the environment | Fertilizers used on the land to increase fertility of the soil can run off into streams and rivers,pollutes our water supply as it causes an overgrowth of algae, |
| What does the overgrowth of algae cause | the overgrowth of algae blocks out the sunlight from plants and consumes oxygen fish needs to survive |
| Explain how the illegal dumping of silage impacts the environment | The illegal dumping of silage and sometimes milk can lead to rivers becoming polluted,this kills the fish,strict laws prevent this |
| What even in sillage? | (a mixture of manure and water used to fertilize fields |
| What are the aims of CAP name three.. | Provide income support to farmers Provide Europe with good supply of quality food Support rural development programmes |
| What is the aim of European green deal | For the EU to become climate neutral by 2050 |
| Name 3 environmentally friendly farming practices | Diversifying crops Protect certain species Artificial fertilizers are restricted. |
| Explain how diversification of crops is linked to environmentally friendly farming | Diversifiying crops is when arable farmers should grow different types of crops,the main crop cannot cover more than 75 percentage of the land. |
| Explain how protection of certain species helps environmental friendly farming | Farmers encouraged protect certain species such as barn owl by placing nest boxes on trees on their land,this helps because owls eat pests so farmers are able to use less pesticides since the pests can’t get to the food since owls eat them |
| Explain why the limit of artificial fertilizers allows for environmental friendly farming | The amount of artificial fertilizers e,g nitrates and livestock manure e,g slurry that farmers are allowed to spread on land is restricted because its harmful to environment. |
| What are deciduous trees | Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter, e.g ash and birch are deciduous, |
| How is wood useful | Wood can be used for tools,as a building material,and as a fuel, |
| What are coniferous trees s | Trees that don’t lose their leaves in winter,e.g spruce and pine, |
| What tree grows faster,conferious or deciduous | Coniferous grow faster. |
| Does Ireland have a lot of forest, | No,however the amount has been increasing significantly in the last few years |
| Where is forestry suited | Forestry is suited to upland areas with poor soil and wheee it is difficult to use heavy farming equipment |
| What is deforestation | The clearing of all trees from an area by burning or cutting,cleared land then used for other stuff |
| How does deforestation impact the environment | Trees absorb CO2 and release oxygen,CO2 is a harmful greenhouse gas and causes climate change,less forest areas in Ireland and all over earth can contribute to climate change because less trees= more CO2= climate change. |
| What is reforestation | The planting of trees in areas of land that were once covered by forest but were affected by deforestation |
| Name places where there is a lot of coniferous forest | Wicklow mountains, |
| Who is responsible for development of forestry in Ireland | The forestry division of department of agriculture,food and the marine is responsible for it |
| How is reforestation made easier? | Farmers and landowners can apply for grants to get money to reforest The department forestry programme, support and incentives to farmers and landowners to plant forests,they cover 100 prevent of costs to plant forest,all income from forest is tax free. |
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