Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ochem exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic chemistry | study of carbon + carbon related compounds |
| ionic | bond between a metal and nonmetal |
| covalent | bond between two nonmetals |
| polar | EN difference of 0.5 to 1.5 |
| nonpolar | EN difference of 0-0.4 |
| Electronegativity (EN) | an atom's ability to attract electrons |
| Carbon EN | 2.5 |
| Nitrogen EN | 3.0 |
| Oxygen EN | 3.5 |
| Hydrogen EN | 2.1 |
| how many times does carbon bond? | 4!!!! |
| halogens | Fluorine, Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine |
| alkanes | C-C and C-H |
| Alkenes | C=C |
| Alkynes | C≡C |
| Aromatic/ benzene | 6 member carbon ring with alternating double bonds |
| heterocyclic aromatics | satisfy all rules of aromaticy, but contain other atoms (such as N and O) within the ring |
| Alcohols | O-H |
| Ketones | C / O=C \ C |
| aldehydes | H / C=O \ C |
| Ether | C-O-C |
| Ester | C=O attached to a C-O-C |
| carboxylic acid | O=C + O-H |
| amine | N-H |
| amide | N-H and C=O |
| alkyl halides | alkane + halogen |
| saturated | has the max numbers of hydrogens |
| unsaturated | has less than the max number of hydrogens (has double or triple bonds between carbons) |
| constitutional isomers | same formula different appearance |
| IUPAC | international union of pure and applied chemistry |
| 1 | meth |
| 2 | eth |
| 3 | prop |
| 4 | but |
| london dispersion forces (LDF) | momentary dipoles caused by the random movement of electrons; weakest of all three; all molecules have these |
| dipole-dipole | fixed dipoles (think magnet); stronger than LDF but fewer |
| hydrogen bonding | hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or an oxygen attached to another nitrogen or oxygen |
| Alkane intermolecular forces | LDF only not polar so no dipole-dipole no O's or N's so no hydrogen bonds |
| what raises LDF | adding carbons, which raises boiling point |
| branching causes ___________ intermolecular forces | lower; gives lower melting and boiling points too |
| alkanes physical properties | odorless, tasteless, colorless; less dense than water; not soluble in water (nonpolar); nontoxic |
| alkanes reactivity | burn for energy (exothermic) |
| products of alkanes in a chemical reaction | H2O + CO2 + heat |
| pi bond | additional bonds after the first initial sigma bond |
| cis-trans isomerism | when the carbons in an alkene (C=C) have 2 different substituent groups; the double bond does not rotate |
| cis | the hydrogens are on the same side |
| trans | similar groups on opposite sides |
| E/Z naming | isomers of double bonds that aren't cis or trans; the one with the higher difference makes the highest priority |
| addition reactions | 2 reactants combine to form 1 new product |
| Hydrogenation | add hydrogen |
| catalysts for hydrogenation | nickel (Ni), Palladium (Pd), Platinum (Pt) |
| Halogenation | Add either Br2 or Cl2 |
| Halogenation of bromine | bromination |
| halogenation of chlorine | chlorination |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| Hydrohalogenation | addition of H-Br or H-Cl |
| hydration | addition of H2O |
| markovinikov's regioselectivity | when adding a hydrogen it adds to the carbon that already has the most H's |
| common names for alkynes | acetylene is always last |
| hydrogenation turns an alkene to an | alkane |
| what should you use to convert propene to 2-chloropropene |
Created by:
kingsleya27