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chapter 4

Tissues and membranes

TermDefinition
Tissues are composed of specialized cells of similar structure and perform a common function.
Epithelial or epithelium tissue definition Line the hollow organs, covers body surfaces, form the inner lining of the body cavity
Connective Connect Binds and supports body parts Cells separate by a matrix Contains fibers Solid-liquid
Muscular Contract
Nervous Communicate Responds to stimuli and transmits signals
Epithelial tissues Tightly packed Protects external and internal body surfaces Also secretes and absorbs substances Epithelial cells readily divide to replace lost or damaged cells
Epithelial tissues Cells are avascular (lack a blood supply) Has a free surface and a basement membrane Classified by cell shape and the number of cell layers
Epithelial tissues - simple is one cell layer thick
Epithelial tissues - Stratified is composed of two or more layers
Epithelial tissues - Squamous has flattened cells
Epithelial tissues - Cuboidal has cube-shaped cells
Epithelial tissues - Columnar has elongated cells
Simple squamous epithelium Composed of a single layer of flattened cells Found in areas where simple diffusion occurs – alveoli, capillaries
Simple squamous epithelium - Location Lines air sacs of lungs, blood vessels, and heart linings
Simple squamous epithelium - Function Filtration, diffusion, and osmosis
Stratified squamous epithelium Has many cell layers; functions in protection Shape of deeper cells may be cuboidal or columnar, outer cells are flattened and squamous-shaped Stratified tissue is named according to the shape of the outer layers
Stratified squamous epithelium Can be keratinized or nonkeratinized Found in the outer portion of the skin and in body orifices
Stratified squamous epithelium - non-keratinized - location Lines mouth, esophagus, anal canal and vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium - non-keratinized - function Protection from abrasion and desiccation (Drying out)
Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized - location Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized - function Protection from injury, and dessication
Simple cuboidal epithelium Single layer of cube-shaped cells attached to a basement membrane Found in glands; these cells have many mitochondria to produce ATP for active transport secretion
Simple cuboidal epithelium Free surface may have microvilli for reabsorption Covers the ovaries; lines most of the kidney tubules where it absorbs and secretes substances
Simple cuboidal epithelium - location Lines kidney tubules, ducts of many glands, covers surface of ovaries
Simple cuboidal epithelium - function Secretion, absorption
Stratified cuboidal epithelium Often only has two layers Mostly found lining the larger ducts of certain glands
Simple columnar epithelium Cells are longer than they are wide Modified to perform particular functions Some cells are goblet cells that secrete mucus
Simple columnar epithelium Some cells contain microvilli to increase surface area for absorption Lines digestive organs and the uterine tubes
Stratified columnar epithelium Not very common Located in parts of the pharynx and in the male urethra
Simple columnar epithelium - location Lines ga tract, ducts of many glands
Simple columnar epithelium - function Protection, secretion, absorption,
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium appears to have more than one layer of cells, but only has one true layer.
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Each cell touches the basement membrane Lines parts of the reproductive system and air passageways of the respiratory system Contains goblet cells and cilia
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium - location Lines respiratory track, and parts of the reproductive tracts
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium - function Protein, secretion, movement of mucus and sex cells
Transitional epithelium changes from cuboidal to squamous cells in response to tension.
Transitional epithelium Located in urinary bladder, the ureters, and part of the urethra Allows these organs to stretch Cells are physically able to slide in relation to one another
Created by: JamieS1982
 

 



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