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bio-ch 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| who were the 2 professors at Cambridge university that created a model of DNA in 1963? | James Watson and Francis Crick |
| who was an important person in the model of DNA who didn't receive any credit? | rosalind franklin |
| pyrimidine | 1 ring base, thymine/cytosine |
| purine | 2 ring base, adenonie/guanine |
| what is the structure of DNA? | 2 nucleotide strands that wrap around each other in the shape of a helix |
| what is a nucleotide made up of? | 5-c deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases |
| what kind of bond holds each side of the DNA strand together? | covalent |
| what kind of bond holds the complementary nitrogenous bases together? | hydrogen |
| in which phase of interphase does DNA replication occur? | s phase |
| steps to DNA replication | 1) helicase unzips DNA by splitting the hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases 2) DNA polymerase adds complementary bases to each of the original strands of dna 3) 2 identical DNA strands result |
| semi-conservative replication | each new DNA molecule is made of 1 strand of nucleotides from the original DNA molecule and 1 new strand |
| mutation | changes in dna |
| what happens at the G2 checkpoint? | DNA proofreading/ repiar |
| central dogma of biology | flow of genetic info: DNA-RNA-protein |
| transcription | dna- rna |
| translation | rna-protein |
| protein synthesis | interpreting DNA into a protein |
| ways RNA is different from dna | 1) sugar is ribose (not deoxyribose) 2) uracil in place of thymine 3) single stranded/ shorter than dna |
| 3 types of rna | mRna, rRna, tRna |
| what is rRna? | ribosomal RNA; major component of ribosomes |
| what happens during transcription? | 1) DNA unzips/acts as template 2) RNA polymerase adds free RNA nucleotides on one side of the dna 3) RNA nucleotides bond together 4) mRna leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosomes to be translated into protein |
| what is a codon? | 3 nucleotides on mRna that code amino acids |
| what are the steps of translation | 1) mRNA codons move though the rRNA 2) tRNA adds specific amino acids complementary to the codon (called an anti codon) 3) the process continues adding amino acids creating a polypeptide 4) stop codon is reached and the newly made protein is released |
| human genome | entire gene sequence is now known |
| how many base pairs are there in 23 pairs of human chromosomes? | 3.2 billion |
| how many genes are there coding for all proteins? | 30,000 |
Created by:
gschultz2028