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Biology 2 - C02 - 09

🧬❓2️⃣2️⃣ BIO02 Module 2 — 45 Question Mock Exam — 09

QuestionAnswer
1. Which scientist proposed the “Scala Naturae”? Aristotle
2. Who is known as the Father of Taxonomy? Carolus Linnaeus
3. What did Cuvier propose to explain fossil patterns? Catastrophism
4. Which scientist proposed the inheritance of acquired traits? Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
5. What idea from Malthus influenced Darwin? Populations grow faster than resources.
6. What is natural selection? Differential survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits.
7. What does “fitness” mean in evolution? Ability to survive and produce fertile offspring.
8. What is adaptation? A heritable trait that improves survival or reproduction.
9. What does “descent with modification” describe? Species change over generations from common ancestors.
10. Who independently developed natural selection with Darwin? Alfred Russel Wallace
11. What are homologous structures? Similar structure, different function, shared ancestry.
12. What are analogous structures? Similar function, different evolutionary origin.
13. What are vestigial structures? Reduced structures inherited from ancestors.
14. What does the fossil record show? A chronological history of life.
15. What is a transitional fossil? A fossil showing intermediate traits.
16. What is biogeography? Study of species distribution across regions.
17. What does molecular evidence compare? DNA, proteins, and genetic sequences.
18. What does DNA similarity indicate? Recent common ancestry.
19. What is direct observation in evolution? Seeing evolutionary change occur in real time.
20. What example shows direct observation? Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
21. What is population genetics? Study of allele frequency changes in populations.
22. What is a gene pool? All alleles in a population.
23. What does evolution mean genetically? Change in allele frequencies over time.
24. What is the Hardy–Weinberg equation for alleles? p + q = 1
25. What does p² represent? Homozygous dominant genotype frequency.
26. What does q² represent? Homozygous recessive genotype frequency.
27. What does 2pq represent? Heterozygous genotype frequency.
28. What does deviation from Hardy–Weinberg indicate? Evolution is occurring.
29. Which condition is required for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium? No natural selection.
30. Why must the population be large in H–W equilibrium? To prevent genetic drift.
31. What is speciation? Formation of new species.
32. What is reproductive isolation? Barriers preventing interbreeding.
33. What is habitat isolation? Species live in different environments.
34. What is temporal isolation? Species breed at different times.
35. What is behavioral isolation? Differences in courtship prevent mating.
36. What is mechanical isolation? Reproductive structures are incompatible.
37. What is gametic isolation? Gametes cannot fuse.
38. What is hybrid sterility? Hybrids survive but cannot reproduce.
39. What is allopatric speciation? Speciation due to geographic separation.
40. What is sympatric speciation? Speciation without geographic separation.
41. What is adaptive radiation? Rapid evolution of many species from one ancestor.
42. What example shows adaptive radiation? Darwin’s finches.
43. What is convergent evolution? Unrelated species evolve similar traits.
44. What is divergent evolution? Related species become more different over time.
45. What is coevolution? Two species evolve in response to each other.
 

 



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