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Biology 2 - C02 - 08

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Human Evolution & Phylogeny _ #8

QuestionAnswer
What are primates? An order of mammals including lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans.
What traits characterize primates? Opposable thumbs, forward-facing eyes, large brains, and flexible limbs.
What are hominoids? A group including apes and humans.
What are hominins? All species more closely related to humans than to chimpanzees.
What is bipedalism? Walking upright on two legs.
Why is bipedalism important? It freed the hands and changed skeletal structure.
What is the foramen magnum? The skull opening where the spinal cord enters; its position indicates posture.
Where is the foramen magnum in bipedal species? Centered under the skull.
What genus includes the earliest known hominins? Australopithecus.
What is a key trait of Australopithecus? Bipedal but with small brains.
What species is “Lucy”? Australopithecus afarensis.
What genus includes modern humans? Homo.
What major change occurred in Homo species? Significant increase in brain size.
What is Homo habilis known for? Earliest stone tool use.
What is Homo erectus known for? First to use fire and migrate out of Africa.
What is the Out-of-Africa theory? Modern humans evolved in Africa and later spread worldwide.
What species are modern humans? Homo sapiens.
What distinguishes Homo sapiens? Large brain, complex language, symbolic thought.
What are Neanderthals scientifically called? Homo neanderthalensis.
What happened to Neanderthals? They interbred with Homo sapiens and later went extinct.
 

 



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