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Biology 2 - C02 - 07

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Population Genetics & Hardy–Weinberg _ #7

QuestionAnswer
What is population genetics? The study of genetic variation within populations and how it changes over time.
What is a gene pool? All the alleles present in a population.
What is allele frequency? The proportion of a specific allele in a population.
What does evolution mean in population genetics? A change in allele frequencies over generations.
What is the Hardy–Weinberg principle? A model stating allele frequencies remain constant unless evolutionary forces act.
What does Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium represent? A non-evolving population.
What is the equation for allele frequencies? p + q = 1.
What is the equation for genotype frequencies? p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
What does p represent? Frequency of the dominant allele.
What does q represent? Frequency of the recessive allele.
What does p² represent? Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype.
What does q² represent? Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype.
What does 2pq represent? Frequency of heterozygous genotype.
What are the five conditions for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium? No mutation, random mating, no natural selection, large population, no gene flow.
Why is no mutation required? Mutations introduce new alleles and change frequencies.
Why is random mating required? Non-random mating changes genotype frequencies.
Why is no natural selection required? Selection favors certain alleles, altering frequencies.
Why is a large population required? Small populations experience genetic drift.
Why is no gene flow required? Migration adds or removes alleles from the gene pool.
What does deviation from Hardy–Weinberg indicate? Evolution is occurring.
 

 



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