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Biology 2 - C02 - 06

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Speciation and Macroevolution _ #6

QuestionAnswer
Speciation and Macroevolution
What is speciation? The formation of new species from existing ones.
What is a species under the biological species concept? A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What is reproductive isolation? Barriers that prevent members of different species from interbreeding.
What are prezygotic barriers? Barriers that prevent mating or fertilization.
What is habitat isolation? Species live in different environments and do not meet.
What is temporal isolation? Species breed at different times of day or year.
What is behavioral isolation? Differences in courtship behaviors prevent mating.
What is mechanical isolation? Reproductive structures are incompatible.
What is gametic isolation? Gametes cannot fuse even if mating occurs.
What are postzygotic barriers? Barriers that occur after fertilization.
What is hybrid inviability? Hybrid embryos fail to develop properly.
What is hybrid sterility? Hybrids survive but cannot reproduce (e.g., mule).
What is hybrid breakdown? Hybrids are fertile but their offspring are weak or sterile.
What is allopatric speciation? Speciation due to geographic separation.
What is sympatric speciation? Speciation without geographic separation.
What is adaptive radiation? Rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor.
What example shows adaptive radiation? Darwin’s finches in the Galápagos.
What is convergent evolution? Unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments.
What is coevolution? Two species evolve in response to each other.
What is extinction? The permanent loss of a species.
 

 



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