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Biology 2 - C02 - 05

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Evidence for Evolution _ #5

QuestionAnswer
Evidence for Evolution Any preserved remains, traces, or impressions of past organisms.
What is a fossil? Any preserved remains, traces, or impressions of past organisms.
What does the fossil record show? A chronological history of life and evolutionary transitions.
What is a transitional fossil? A fossil showing intermediate traits between ancestral and modern groups.
What example is a transitional fossil? Archaeopteryx (between reptiles and birds).
What is biogeography? The study of the geographic distribution of species.
How does biogeography support evolution? Related species are found in nearby regions due to common ancestry.
What are homologous structures? Body parts with similar structure but different functions due to common ancestry.
What example shows homologous structures? Forelimbs of humans, bats, whales, and cats.
What are analogous structures? Structures with similar function but different evolutionary origins.
What example shows analogous structures? Wings of birds, bats, and insects.
What are vestigial structures? Reduced or unused structures inherited from ancestors.
What is an example of a vestigial structure in humans? Appendix or tailbone.
What is comparative embryology? Study of similarities in early development among species.
How does embryology support evolution? Similar embryos suggest shared ancestry.
What is molecular evidence? Comparisons of DNA, proteins, and genetic sequences.
How does DNA support evolution? Species with more similar DNA share a more recent common ancestor.
What is a molecular clock? A method using mutation rates to estimate evolutionary divergence.
What is direct observation in evolution? Seeing evolutionary change occur in real time.
What example shows direct observation? Bacterial antibiotic resistance.
What is convergent evolution? Unrelated species evolving similar traits due to similar environments.
What is divergent evolution? Related species becoming more different over time.
 

 



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