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Biology 2 - C02 - 04

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection _ #4

QuestionAnswer
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
What idea from Malthus influenced Darwin? Populations grow faster than resources, creating competition.
What is the struggle for existence? Competition among individuals for limited resources.
What did Darwin observe about variation? Individuals in a population differ in traits.
Why is variation important? Some variations give survival or reproductive advantages.
What did Darwin understand about heredity? Advantageous traits can be passed to offspring.
What is natural selection? The process where individuals with beneficial traits survive and reproduce more.
What does “survival of the fittest” mean? Fitness refers to reproductive success, not strength.
What is fitness in evolutionary terms? An organism’s ability to survive and produce fertile offspring.
What is adaptation? A heritable trait that improves survival or reproduction in a specific environment.
What does “descent with modification” mean? Species change over generations and share common ancestors.
What did Darwin conclude about species? They evolve over long periods through accumulated changes.
What role did the environment play in Darwin’s theory? It selects which traits are advantageous.
What did Darwin observe in the Galápagos Islands? Finches and tortoises showed adaptations to local environments.
What did Darwin and Wallace agree on? Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.
What is the first component of the Darwin–Wallace theory? Variation exists within populations.
What is the second component of the Darwin–Wallace theory? Struggle for existence due to limited resources.
What is the third component of the Darwin–Wallace theory? Differential survival and reproduction (fitness).
What is the fourth component of the Darwin–Wallace theory? Natural selection favors advantageous traits.
What is the fifth component of the Darwin–Wallace theory? Adaptations accumulate over generations.
What overall idea does the Darwin–Wallace theory support? Evolution occurs through descent with modification.
 



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