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Biology 2 - C02 - 02

🧬📗2️⃣2️⃣ Module 2_ Mechanisms of Evolution (Examples) _ #1

QuestionAnswer
Mechanisms of Evolution Examples
How do mutations contribute to evolution? They introduce new alleles that may provide advantages or disadvantages.
What example shows mutation leading to adaptation? Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Why do bacteria evolve resistance quickly? They reproduce rapidly and accumulate mutations fast.
What is the selective pressure in antibiotic resistance? Exposure to antibiotics that kill non-resistant bacteria.
What happens to resistant bacteria? They survive, reproduce, and spread resistance genes.
What is genetic drift? Random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events.
What example shows the bottleneck effect? The Visayan warty pig population decline.
What caused the warty pig bottleneck? Habitat loss and hunting drastically reduced population size.
What is the consequence of a bottleneck? Loss of genetic diversity and increased vulnerability.
What is the founder effect? A small group forms a new population with limited genetic variation.
What is gene flow? Movement of alleles between populations through migration or reproduction.
What example shows gene flow? Galápagos finches migrating between islands.
How does gene flow affect populations? It increases genetic diversity and reduces differences between populations.
What is natural selection? Differential survival and reproduction based on advantageous traits.
What classic example shows natural selection? Peppered moth color changes during industrialization.
Why did dark moths increase during industrialization? Pollution darkened trees, giving dark moths better camouflage.
What happened after pollution decreased? Light-colored moths became more common again.
What does the peppered moth example show? Environmental change can shift which traits are advantageous.
What is sexual selection? Selection for traits that improve mating success.
What is artificial selection? Human-directed breeding for desired traits.
 

 



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