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BIO QUIZ 2.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what does cell division do? (3) | replaces old and damaged cells, some organisms regenerated new body parts | reproduction | growth and development |
| what is a chromatin? | the substance in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells |
| what is chromatin made of? | made of DNA (genetic material) and proteins |
| what are the proteins called? how does it help DNA? | histones, helps DNA coil in an organized way to fit inside nucleus |
| how do chromatins form chromosomes? | when tightly coiled/condensed |
| look at pictures of uncondensed/condensed chromatins | ok! |
| what are the two types of chromosomes? | 1) duplicated/replicated, double rod 2) unduplicated/unreplicated, single rod. |
| what is dna replication? | turns single-rod chromosomes into double rod chromosomes |
| in double rod chromosomes, what is a chromatid? | 1 rod of a double rod chromosome |
| in double rod chromosomes, what are sister chromatids? | both rods of double rod chromosome |
| in double rod chromosomes, what is a centromere? | area where 2 chromatids attach |
| why do sister chromatids have identical DNA? | because of DNA replication |
| label where the centromere is on sister chromatids... | alright. |
| what are the steps of interphase? | G1, S, G2, M. |
| what happens in G1? | cell grows, makes more organelles perform its normal functions |
| what happens in S? | synthesis, DNA replicates from single rod to double rod chromosomes |
| what happens in G2? | similar to G1, cell getting ready to divide. |
| what happens in M phase? | nucleus divides (mitosis/meiosis) cell divides (cytokinesis) |
| what happens in mitosis in plant v animals cells? | in plants, most don't have centrioles and spindle fibers. in animals ALL have centrioles and spindle fibers. |
| what happens in cytokinesis in plant v animals cells? | in plants, cell plate grows down the middle and forms cell wall, creating 2 cells. in animals, cells pinch in (belt forms by fibers in middle) and causes formation of 2 cells. |
| how does cancer happen? | uncontrolled cell division, failure of one or more checkpoints in the cell cycle |
| what are the stages of mitosis? | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, later telophase/cytokinesis (PMAT) |
| what happens in prophase? (4) | longest phase of mitosis | chromatin coils/condenses into chromosomes | nuclear membrane disappears | centrioles move to opposite sides or poles of cell, sets up spindle fibers. |
| what happens in metaphase? (2) | spindle fibers attach to centrometers and help chromosomes move into place | chromosomes line up single files in center of cell. |
| what happens in anaphase? (1) | double rod chromosomes split into single rod chromosomes which are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers / sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposites by spindle fibers |
| what happens in telophase? (4) | chromosomes reach opposite ends of cells, uncoiling/uncondensing stopping tightly packed | chromatin is not in shape of chromosomes/reverting to chromatin state | new nucleus forms around each set of chromosomes (creates 2 nuclei) | spindle fibers go away |
| what happens in later telophase/cytokinesis? | cytokinesis begins and cell starts division |
| what is mitosis in simple terms? | 1 cell -> 2 daughter cells, new cells have identical DNA to organisms and sister cells |
| purpose of mitosis in unicellular organisms | mitosis = reproduction (asexual, one parent) |
| purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms | mitosis = growth and repairing of cells |
| look at diagrams of mitosis in each stage and learn how to draw | yes |
Created by:
studying11