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Y9 ICT 2026
Movie Making Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Story | A character you care about trying to solve a problem |
| Elevator Pitch | A 50–75 word summary of a movie; similar to a logline >50 words |
| Screenplay | Formatted, written plan of a movie. Scenes, action, dialogue & directions; different from a stage script. |
| Pre-Production | Planning phase of movie. Idea & pitch through screenplay, storyboards, permissions & releases. |
| Production (Shooting) | Actors are filmed on set / location, the most visible part of movie (Only 25% of the process) |
| Post-Production (Post) | Editing video & audio, adding sound & music, adjusting color & pacing (Assembling the final film) |
| Shooting Script | A version of the screenplay with technical details (Shots & sound to plan the actual shoot) |
| Storyboards | Visual plans that break scenes into shots (drawn / filmed), showing what needs to be shot / animated |
| Shot List | A detailed checklist of every shot, including location, talent, props, equipment & crew (Final pre-production doc) |
| Image Sensor | Camera component that converts light into an electronic signal to create the image |
| APS-C Sensor | Smaller image sensor found in Canon cameras; affects field of view & lens behavior |
| Full-Frame Sensor | Larger image sensor (Sony A7Sii); captures a wider field of view |
| Aspect Ratio | The relationship between a video's width & height (4:3, 1.85:1) |
| Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) | Camera uses a mirror to show the image through the same lens that records it; mirror moves out of the way when shooting |
| ISO | Camera setting that controls how sensitive the sensor is to light High ISO = Brighter image but more grain / noise Low ISO = Cleaner image in bright light |
| White Balance | A setting that adjusts colour balance to match the lighting conditions in a room (DO NOT use AWB - Auto White Balance - indoors) |
| Memory Card | Storage device used to save photos & videos on a camera; SD card (Secure Digital) |
| Shutter Speed | The amount of time each frame is exposed to light when filming (1/60 = one-sixtieth of a second) |
| Frame Rate | The number of frames captured per second (60fps); Higher frame rates allow slow motion |
| Focal Length | The measurement that controls image magnification, 50mm is “normal” on full-frame cameras; 33mm on APS-C |
| Telephoto Lens | A long focal length lens that magnifies the image and compresses depth (Makes it harder to tell fore- & background) |
| Wide Angle Lens | A short focal length lens that captures more of the scene and exaggerates perspective |
| Zoom Lens | A lens that allows zooming in and out across a range of focal lengths in one lens |
| Aperture | The opening in the lens that allows light to reach the sensor |
| F-Stop | The measurement of aperture size Low f-stop = Large aperture = More light = Shallow depth of field High f-stop = Small aperture = Less light = Deep depth of field |
| Bokeh | The quality & style of background blur, especially how light points appear as soft circles; Wide aperture = More / better bokeh |
| File Types | Labels that tell a computer what kind of data a file contains (mp4, mov = video; mp3, wav = audio) Files must be converted properly, not just renamed! |
| Bit Rate (Data Rate) | The amount of data used per second of video Higher bit rate = Better image quality & more flexibility for colour & brightness editing |
| Compression | Reducing the amount of data in a video file; Compressed videos upload & download faster, but lose quality |
| Resolution | The number of pixels in a video frame (width × height) Examples: 640×480 (SD), 1280×720 (HD), 1920×1080 (Full HD) Higher resolution = Sharper image & larger file size |
| Boom Microphone | Long, directional microphone mounted on a boom pole to capture dialogue in scenes |
| Foley | The creation and recording of everyday sound effects for film |
| Lavaliere Microphone | A small clip-on microphone attached to a subject’s clothing (Commonly used in TV & interviews) |
| Atmosphere (Room Tone) | The natural background sound of a room or scene, recorded to smooth edits between dialogue |
| Sync (Synchronization) | When sound matches the timing of the image correctly |
| 3 Layers of Sound | The 3 main sound groups in a film: Voices (Vox), Music & Effects (SFX, Foley, Atmosphere) |
| Cosmos | A portable set of three bright lights with stands, not dimmable |
| RGB LED's | LED lights that mix red, green & blue light to create almost any colour |
| Bounce | Reflective material used to bounce light onto a subject to soften shadows and spread light evenly |
| Flag | A piece of dark material used to block or reduce unwanted light in a shot |
| Diffusion | Material placed in front of lights to soften harsh shadows & light (tissue paper) |
| Practical | Any visible light source that exists naturally in the scene (lamps, candles) |
| Three-Point Lighting | A lighting setup using 3 lights to control shadows & balance contrast (key, fill, black) |
| B-roll | Supplemental footage that supports the main story and provides flexibility in editing |
| Close-up | A shot where the frame is filled almost entirely with the subject’s face |
| Depth of Field (DOF) | The area of the image that is in focus. Deep DOF = Most of frame in focus; Shallow DOF = Only small area in focus, drawing attention to the main subject |
| Exposure | The amount of light allowed to hit the sensor, controlled using EV (Exposure Value) to overexpose / underexpose an image Example: EV -2 underexposes for “day for night” shooting |
| Over-the-Shoulder Shot | A shot framed from behind a character’s shoulder, emphasizing their perspective, commonly used in dialogue scenes |
| Pan | A fixed, sideways camera movement |
| Point Of View (POV) | A shot that shows the scene from a character’s / object’s perspective |
| Rule of Thirds | A composition method that divides the frame into thirds creating more visually balanced and pleasing shots |
| Tracking (Dolly) Shot | A shot where the camera moves with or toward the subject, changing how the subject and surroundings appear in the frame |
| Zoom Shot | Camera lens changes focal length to make subject appear closer / further away while the camera stays still, altering perspective |
| Slate (Clapperboard) | A board with a clapstick that makes a sharp sound, used to organize footage & sync sound with image in editing |
| Importing | The process of transferring video files from a camera into a computer or editing software |
| Fade | A transition between image & black. Fade out = Image to black; Fade in = Black to image |
| J-Cut | A cut where the audio from the next scene starts before the image appears |
| L-Cut | A cut where the image changes, but the audio from the previous scene continues |
| Jump Cut | An abrupt cut that breaks continuity, making the subject appear to jump in position |
| Colour Correction | The digital adjustment of colour, brightness & contrast in post-production |
| Cut-In (Insert Shot) | A shot that shows an object or prop that a character is interacting with |
| Digital Video Effect (DVE) | A tool in Lightworks used to zoom, crop & layer video, masking unwanted areas |
| Slow Motion | Slowing down pre-recorded footage to a different speed, creating dramatic / detailed effects |
| Stop Motion | An animation technique where multiple still images are combined to make objects appear to move freely |
| White Balance | Capturing correct colours for the available light, ensuring whites appear neutral without blue / red tints. Includes manual menu & Auto White Balance (AWB) feature |
| Export | Assembling an edited video into a single playable file for sharing, uploading, or playback |
| Producer | Manages logistics, funding, bookings, organisation, contracts & legalities for the film |
| Director | Oversees the artistic vision, guiding actors, sound, music & effects to turn a script into a finished movie |
| Screenwriter | Writes the screenplay, turning the story (plot) into a filmable script for the director to use |
| Director of Photography (DoP) | The videographer who chooses shots, angles, lighting & executes the director’s vision |
| Editor | Cuts & assembles footage based on the screenplay, including special effects to create a cohesive story |
| Chief Gaffer | In charge of lighting on set, sometimes called chief electrician, may manage other rigging tasks |
| Sound Editor | Records on-set sound & mixes the 3 layers of sound (voices, music, effects) in post-production |
| Music Composer | Creates and possibly performs the film’s theme & mood music |
| Foley Artist | Creates & records background sounds for a film (footsteps, rustling, environmental noises) |
| Art Director | Collaborates with the director and crew to design the look and feel of sets & costumes |
| Talent | Actors, actresses, lead, support & extras |
| Visual Effects Editor (VFX Editor) | Executes visual effects in post-production, including green screen & digital effects using tools like Blender |
Created by:
Sisterannetteanderson