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Unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Wounded Knee Massacre | The U.S. Army's brutal winter massacre in 1890 of at least 200 Sioux men, women, and children as part of the government's assault on the tribe's Ghost Dance religion |
| Battle of Little Bighorn | Battle in which Colonel George A. Custer and the Seventh Cavalry were defeated by the Sioux and Cheyenne under Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana in 1876 |
| “last-arrow” pageants | Ceremony created to symbolize the replacement of Native American identity with an Americanized identity |
| The Great Railroad Strike | Major work-stoppage that halted two-thirds of the nations railroads in 1877 |
| Second Industrial Revolution | Began in Germany and the US in the 1870s, brought a massive increase in production and innovation |
| Thomas Edison | direct current, the phonograph, many other invetions |
| William Stanley | induction coil, transmitter for AC power |
| George Westinghouse | alternating current power system |
| Jay Gould | Railroad robber baron, on of the most successful |
| Nikola Tesla | AC converter to enable electrically powered machines |
| Andrew Carnegie | vertical integration, steel company |
| John D. Rockefeller | horizontal integration, oil company |
| department stores | stores offering a wide variety of products in specialized “departments” |
| chain stores | extensive network of grocery stores |
| mail-order business | commercial business centered around purchases made from catalogs |
| vertical integration | controlling the entire production and distribution of a product |
| horizontal Integration | controlling all of the businesses in a particular sector, monopoly |
| laissez-faire | “Let it happen,” approach to business that discourage government regulation |
| wage slavery | critique of business that wages are kept low to maximize profits and maintain worker dependence |
| Knights of Labor | Founded in 1869, open to all workers; declined after 1886 |
| American Federation of Labor | Founded in 1886; open only to craft workers and organized by craft; hostile to blacks and women; became the major U.S. labor organization after 1880s |
| urban (political) machine | a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state—> primarily local level |
| machine bosses | individual in control of a party machine through the use of a political or governmental position (or both); used bribes of money or job offers to accumulate power and loyalty |
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union | Women's organization whose members visited schools to educate children about the evils of alcohol, addressed prisoners, and blanketed men's meetings with literature. |
| Anti-Saloon League | Founded in 1893 to combat the evils of alcohol |
| Grand Army of the Republic | a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army, Union Navy, and the Marines who served in the American Civil War |
| Greenback Party | third party of the 1870s and 1880s that garnered temporary support by advocating currency inflation to expand the economy and assist debtors |
| Populist Party | major third party of the 1890s, also known as the People's Party. Formed on the basis of the Farmers' Alliance and other reform organizations, it mounted electoral challenges against the Democrats in the South and the Republicans in the West |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | An 1883 law that reformed the spoils system by prohibiting government workers from making political contributions |
| Civil Service Commission | Three-member group created to oversee their appointment on the basis of merit rather than politics. |
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act | required the government to purchase 4.5 million ounces of silver every month to mint coins and to back paper currency |
| Why did the department of Indian Affairs decide to divide Indian lands into small tribal territories, or reservations, in 1851? | Department sought to limit settler-Indian warfare with Treaty of Fart Laramie. To suppress customs, values, and traditions. |
| What political system rewarded supporters and contributors to election with government jobs? | Spoils system |
| What streams of though contributed to late nineteenth century American business culture? | Laissez-faire, social darwinism, and the gospel of success |
| Why did Congress pass the Pendleton Civil Service Act? | Because of the assassination of president Garfield and new emphasis on merit and skill rather than party ties. |
| What were important factors driving immigration to the United States in the late nineteenth century? | Because of the proletarian of available jobs and unstable stuff happening in Europe, Economic, political, social, and demographic factors. |
| Why were southern cities particularly prone to epidemics in the late century ? | The large migration of people going to the South, but because the south doesn't get cold enough to kill pathogens all of the diseases spread rapidly |
| What was the Homestead Strike? | A steel worker strike due to labor unrest |
| Which industries depended heavily on railroads in 1882? | railroads were the backbone of the national economy, steel, stone, and lumber industries |
| Who was the publisher of the New York World in the 1880s? | Pulitzer |
| How did the Panic of 1873 benefit the "robber baron" Jay Gould? | exploited the weakness of competitors in the wake of financial panics |
| What was the significance of the refrigerated train car? | Transportation of meat without spoiling |
| When Rockefeller's Standard Oil made the very barrels in which the oil was shipped, this was an example of what business practice? | Vertical integration |
| Why did immigrant groups rely on migratory chains in the late nineteenth century? | enabled immigrants to build ethnic communities with people from the same neighborhood of village in America's unfamiliar cities |
| Why did railroad companies encourage migration chains in the American West in the late nineteenth century? | They wanted to get more costumers in the west to create more railroads and use the population as regular passengers |
| Which major city was the first city to construct a subway system? | Boston |
| Why did manufacturing business in the late nineteenth century have an interest in hiring workers from ethnic origins? | they wanted to reduce labor costs and repair the labor shortage. New people wouldn't put them into unions |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | 1877-1881 Rep |
| James A. Garfield | March 1881-September 1881 Rep |
| Chester A. Arthur | 1881-1885 Rep |
| Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889 Dem |
| Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 Rep |
| Grover Cleveland | 1893-1897 Dem |
Created by:
Jvelez