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Exam #3 history
history - Friday
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Romanticism & core beliefs: | Def: An artistic movement emphasizing emotion and individualism. CoreBeliefs: emotions, imagination, and individuality should guide human experience rather than universal reason. |
| Definition of Realism & core beliefs: | Realism arose as a movement influenced by the scientific outlook, emphasizing truthful and precise depictions of everyday life; ordinary people and social realities, including the poor and marginalized. |
| definition of self determination: | the principle that a people or nation has the right to freely choose their own political status, government, and path for economic, social, and cultural development, without outside interference |
| causes of the Crimean War and why other countries decided to interfere: | Russia's expansionist aims at the expense of the declining Ottoman Empire, while other European nations intervened to maintain the balance of power and protect their own geopolitical and economic interests |
| results of the Treaty of Paris: | |
| Italian and German unification leaders and beliefs: | |
| Define “realpolitik” | a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations. |
| what caused the nationalism to break apart in the United States | irreconcilable conflict over slavery, creating deep cultural and economic divides between the agrarian South, reliant on enslaved labor, and the industrializing North |
| the definition of a protectorate | a state that is controlled and protected by another. |
| the difference between direct and indirect rule | direct rule imposes foreign systems, whereas indirect rule co-opts local power structures for more efficient management |
| Define social Darwinism | a late 19th-century ideology that misapplied Charles Darwin’s biological theory of natural selection to human society, arguing that "survival of the fittest" dictates social, economic, and political success |
| the motivations for western colonization | God, Gold, and Glory |
| the “white man’s burden” is. | Spreading Christianity and Western values; a phrase from a 1899 Rudyard Kipling poem that describes the duty of white, Western people to manage the affairs of non-white peoples, bringing them "civilization," law/ culture through colonialism. |
| which country in SE Asia remained independent | Thailand |
| What was the French motivation for colonization in SE Asia. | a mix of economic desires for raw materials and new markets, strategic geopolitical competition with Britain, missionary zeal to spread Catholicism, and the ideological belief in a "civilizing mission" fueled by 19th-century industrialization |
| Know the primary motivations for European colonization in Africa | economic exploitation (raw materials like rubber, gold, diamonds, markets for goods), political power and prestige (strategic advantages, naval bases, national pride, competition), and ideological justifications |
| Know which two African nations remained independent through colonization | Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia |
| Be familiar with who Belgium colonized | Belgian Congo - (Now Democratic Republic of Congo; Ruanda-Urundi (modern Rwanda and Burundi; |
| Know what the British East India company is | a powerful English (later British) joint-stock company |
| Define Sepoy | a native Indian soldier employed by European colonial powers, most notably the British East India Company and later the British Crown, typically serving as an infantryman |
| Know what caused the Sepoy Mutiny and what resulted after the mutiny. | deep-seated discontent among Indian soldiers (sepoys) and civilians, sparked by rumors that new rifle cartridges were greased with animal fat offensive to Hindus and Muslims (pigs/cows) |
| Be familiar with the benefits and costs of British control | Benefits: infrastructure, establishing English language, legal systems, economic access, Costs: loss of sovereignty, massive wealth extraction, devastating slave trade profits, and long-term underdevelopment in colonized areas. |
| Who attended and did not attend the Berlin Conference? | United Kingdom, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, the United States of America, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Sweden-Norway, and Turkey (Ottoman Empire) NOT: all African Nations |
| Know who Ghandi was | was the leader of India's nonviolent independence movement against British rule, known globally as the "father of the nation" for his philosophy of peaceful resistance, or satyagraha, which inspired civil rights |
| Know why Latin American countries were dependent on western nations. | due to colonial legacies, economic structures favoring raw material export over industrialization, and foreign investment in infrastructure and resources that created new forms of control, supplying finished goods to Europe/U.S. while importing products |
| Define Imperialism | a policy or practice where a dominant nation extends its power, authority, and influence over other territories, nations, or cultures, typically through direct territorial acquisition, military force, or economic and political control |
| Significance of the Haitian Slave Revolt | the only successful slave revolt in modern history, leading to the first free black republic, Haiti, and abolishing slavery permanently in the former French colony of Saint-Domingue |
| Define caudillos | a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power-in Spanish |
| Know the significance of the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary | told Europe to stay out of the Americas, establishing the Western Hemisphere as a U.S. sphere, while the Roosevelt Corollary 1904 transformed it by asserting the U.S. right to act as an international police power justifying interventions in Latin America |
| Pennisulares: | Peninsulares were full-blooded Spaniards born in Spain, holding top posts; |
| Creoles: | Creoles were pure-blooded Europeans born in the Americas with wealth but less political power |
| Mestizos | Mestizos were of mixed Spanish and Indigenous ancestry middle-lower class of artisans and farmers |
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