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PBS Unit 2.1.3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Otoscope | Handheld instrument used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane |
| Structures of the Ear | External, middle, and inner ear components involved in hearing and balance |
| Ear Canal | Passageway that directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane |
| Tympanic Membrane | Thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves |
| Ossicles | Three small bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that amplify sound vibrations |
| Eustachian Tube | Connects middle ear to nasopharynx to equalize pressure |
| Cochlea | Spiral-shaped inner ear structure that converts sound to nerve impulses |
| Semicircular Canals | Fluid-filled canals that detect head movement and balance |
| Acute Otitis Media | Sudden infection or inflammation of the middle ear |
| Ophthalmoscope | Instrument used to examine internal eye structures |
| Visual Accuity | Measurement of clarity or sharpness of vision |
| Conjunctivitis | Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye |
| 4 Signs of Inflammation | Redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
| Redness | Increased blood flow to affected tissue |
| Swelling | Accumulation of fluid in tissues |
| Heat | Local temperature increase from increased circulation |
| Pain | Nerve response to tissue injury or inflammation |
| Structures of the Oral Cavity | Parts of the mouth involved in digestion, speech, and immunity |
| Tonsils | Lymphoid tissue that helps fight infection |
| Uvula | Soft tissue at back of throat aiding swallowing and speech |
| Pharynx | Muscular tube that serves as passageway for air and food |
| Tongue | Muscular organ used for taste, speech, and swallowing |
| Skin Cancer Screening (Mole Checks) | Visual exam to detect suspicious skin lesions |
| Asymmetry | One half of a mole does not match the other |
| Boarder | Irregular or poorly defined edges of a mole |
| Color | Uneven or multiple colors within a mole |
| Diameter | Greater than 6 mm (pencil eraser size) |
| Evolving | Changes in size, shape, or color over time |
| Malignant | Cancerous and capable of spreading |
| Melanoma | Aggressive skin cancer originating in melanocytes |
| Benign | Noncancerous and does not spread |
| Auscultation | Listening to internal body sounds with a stethoscope |
| Intercostal Space | Area between ribs used as anatomical landmarks |
| Lub-Dub | Normal heart sounds caused by valve closure |
| S1 & S2 sounds | S1: mitral/tricuspid close; S2: aortic/pulmonic close |
| Murmur | Abnormal heart sound from turbulent blood flow |
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) | Early heartbeat originating in the ventricles |
| Structures of the Heart | Chambers, valves, and vessels involved in circulation |
| Aortic Valve | Prevents backflow from aorta to left ventricle |
| Pulmonic Valve | Prevents backflow from pulmonary artery to right ventricle |
| Tricuspid Valve | Controls blood flow between right atrium and ventricle |
| Mitral Valve | Controls blood flow between left atrium and ventricle |
| Aorta | Largest artery carrying oxygenated blood to the body |
| Atria | Upper heart chambers that receive blood |
| Ventricles | Lower heart chambers that pump blood |
| Abnormal Lung Sounds | Breath sounds indicating respiratory pathology |
| Wheezing | High-pitched sound caused by narrowed airways |
| Crackles (Rales) | Popping sounds from fluid in alveoli |
| Rhonchi | Low-pitched sounds from mucus in airways |
| Stridor | High-pitched sound from upper airway obstruction |
| Structures of the Respiratory System | Organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange |
| Trachea | Airway that carries air to bronchi |
| Larynx | Voice box that protects airway |
| Lungs | Organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Bronchus / Bronchi | Main airways branching from trachea |
| Bronchioles | Smaller airways regulating airflow |
| Alveoli | Microscopic air sacs for gas exchange |
| Pleura | Double-layered membrane surrounding lungs |
| Diaphragm | Primary muscle responsible for breathing |
Created by:
Jaden John