Landmark Supreme Court (SCOTUS) Cases/Decisions

Historic, high-impact judicial decisions that fundamentally change the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution or existing laws, establishing binding precedents for future legal cases

Marbury v Madison (1803)

Case involving last-minute judicial appointments by John Adams to interfere with his successor Thomas Jefferson; the case set up the parameters for judicial review (the SCOTUS duty of reviewing the Constitutionality/legality of laws/decisions)

power of courts (especially SCOTUS) to check actions of the legislative and executive branches to ensure they follow the Constitution. If an action conflicts with the constitution, the court can declare it invalid ("check and balance" system)

landmark SCOTUS ruling that the President can 't use "executive privilege" to withhold evidence needed in a criminal trial. Nixon allegedly withheld tape recordings from an investigation. This case cemented the president being limited by "rule of law."

The process used by the United States to elect the President and Vice President, rather than a direct nationwide popular vote. (538 electors - majority of the College, or 270 votes, wins the White House)

The determination of the proportional number of members each US state sends to the House of Representatives, based on population figures

An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals; in the United States, it is done every ten years (the last one was in 2020)

Electoral college membership

Chosen every 4 years to formally cast votes for president.; they are selected by political parties in each state (party leaders/volunteers/elected officials). States get total number of representatives in Congress (House of Representatives + 2 Senators)

An elector who does not vote for the candidates for U.S. President and U.S. Vice President for whom the elector had pledged to vote, and instead votes for another person for one or both offices or abstains from voting

Presidential election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral votes under the original system that did not distinguish between votes for President and V.P.; The House had to break the tie and it took 36 separate attempts, leading to the creation of the 12th amendment

Before creation, VP was the person who came in 2nd in POTUS election. This change forced electors to vote for POTUS and VP on separate ballots. If no candidate gets a majority, the House chooses the President from top 3 candidates/Senate breaks a VP tie

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Executive3.8 Part II

Vocabulary from Florida Benchmark SS.7.CG.3.8

Question	Answer
Landmark Supreme Court (SCOTUS) Cases/Decisions	Historic, high-impact judicial decisions that fundamentally change the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution or existing laws, establishing binding precedents for future legal cases
Marbury v Madison (1803)	Case involving last-minute judicial appointments by John Adams to interfere with his successor Thomas Jefferson; the case set up the parameters for judicial review (the SCOTUS duty of reviewing the Constitutionality/legality of laws/decisions)
Judicial review	power of courts (especially SCOTUS) to check actions of the legislative and executive branches to ensure they follow the Constitution. If an action conflicts with the constitution, the court can declare it invalid ("check and balance" system)
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)	landmark SCOTUS ruling that the President can 't use "executive privilege" to withhold evidence needed in a criminal trial. Nixon allegedly withheld tape recordings from an investigation. This case cemented the president being limited by "rule of law."
Electoral College	The process used by the United States to elect the President and Vice President, rather than a direct nationwide popular vote. (538 electors - majority of the College, or 270 votes, wins the White House)
Apportionment	The determination of the proportional number of members each US state sends to the House of Representatives, based on population figures
Census	An official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals; in the United States, it is done every ten years (the last one was in 2020)
Electoral college membership	Chosen every 4 years to formally cast votes for president.; they are selected by political parties in each state (party leaders/volunteers/elected officials). States get total number of representatives in Congress (House of Representatives + 2 Senators)
Faithless electors	An elector who does not vote for the candidates for U.S. President and U.S. Vice President for whom the elector had pledged to vote, and instead votes for another person for one or both offices or abstains from voting
Presidential election of 1800	Jefferson and Burr tied in electoral votes under the original system that did not distinguish between votes for President and V.P.; The House had to break the tie and it took 36 separate attempts, leading to the creation of the 12th amendment
12th Amendment	Before creation, VP was the person who came in 2nd in POTUS election. This change forced electors to vote for POTUS and VP on separate ballots. If no candidate gets a majority, the House chooses the President from top 3 candidates/Senate breaks a VP tie

Created by: CivicsDAOF

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