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Hearing and Balance
hihih
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Three parts of the ear | External/outer ear, middle ear (tympanic cavity), and internal inner ear |
| External/outer ear | Pinna/auricle = Main job is to catch sound, external acoustic meatus = hole inside ear and goes to brain, auditory or acoustic canal which has ceruminous glands that produce ear wax, ear lobes which drain wax, hairs which also catch baddies. |
| Tympanic membrane or eardrum | Tympanic membrane or eardrum separates middle from outer ear. Sound waves into vibration, dense regular connective, thin sheet can vibrate easily, if shattered or damaged it will scar and it will not vibrate well. |
| Middle (tympanic cavity) | Tympanic –> oval window. Contains three ossicles which are 6 bones total which transmit vibrations. Malleus (hammer) which has the tensor tympani and incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup): attaches to oval window. If ossicles vibrate the oval window |
| Ossicles | If the ossicles vibrate too much they may shatter, so tensor tympanic and stapedius will pull apart if too loud which is the tympanic reflex. |
| Pharyngotympanic tube | Ear to throat tube (middle ear): regulates pressure build up which could rupture ear drum . If exposed to bacteria which will crawl up the tube, ear will swell, infect, no pressure regulation. |
| Internal oval window to cochlear nerve | Vestibule is a cavity filled with fluid, perilymph, the vibrations makes waves in fluids which open ion channels, which are transmitted to nerve signals. The basilar membrane is in the cochlea, which has tiny hairs |
| cochlea | Tiny hairs, which are technically cilia, takes wave vibrations of perilymph and turns it into an electrical signal and ion channels for nerve transmission, |
| Semicircular canals | Balance, contains crystals tell you where your head is. |
| Properties of sound | Frequency - number of waves that pass a point, wavelength: crest to crest, amplitude: heigh of wave, pitch: 20-20,000 Hz and cannot hear outside outside, loudness: 0-120 db and greater causes pain thru nociceptors. High frequency is at vestibular y low bm |
| Interpretation | Pitch is our interpretation of frequency and loudness is interpretation of amplitude |
| Sound Transmission | First sound is caught by pinna, then auditory canal, hits tympanic, which turns sound into vibrations which vibrate ossicles that is attaches to oval window. oval window is attached to vesitbule |
| Sound Transmission cont. | Vestibule cavity inside cochlea with perilymph is vibrated down the cochlea. The basilar membrane with hairs vibrate with the perilymph which is determined by frequency which open ion channels, sending an electrical signal (cochlear nerve) -> temporal lob |
| Round window: | Only hear sounds 20z, so sensitivity is interpreted but vibrations are fuzzy, stomach, thunder, storms, not very sensitive |
| Conduction deafness | Inability of sound to get to cochlea "closed off" canal damage to ear drum, ossicle damage + hearing aid |
| Sensory neural damage | Cochlea and beyond: basilar membrane, perilymph, temporal, temporal damage + cochlea nerve |
Created by:
nuhaSalim