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Chapter 5 Vocab
VOCAB
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Articles Of Confederation | The Articles of Confederation served as the United States' first constitution, but they were eventually replaced because they created a central government that was too weak to govern effectively. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a standardized grid system for surveying and selling western lands to settlers, creating a crucial revenue stream for the government and reserving specific plots for public education. |
| Republic | A republic is a form of government where citizens hold the power to elect representatives who make decisions and govern on their behalf, rather than voting on every issue directly. |
| Shay's Rebellion | Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising of Massachusetts farmers against high taxes and debt that exposed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and directly triggered the call for the Constitutional Convention. |
| Roger Sherman | Roger Sherman was a Founding Father from Connecticut best known for proposing the Great Compromise, which saved the Constitutional Convention by creating a two-house legislature that satisfied both large and small states. |
| Great Compromise | The Great Compromise settled the dispute between large and small states by creating a bicameral legislature where representation in the House is based on population, while every state receives equal voting power in the Senate. |
| 3/5 Compromise | The Three-Fifths Compromise was an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention that counted every five enslaved people as three individuals for the purposes of both taxation and representation in Congress. |
| Legislative Branch | The Legislative Branch is the law-making arm of the government, responsible for writing, debating, and passing laws, and in the U.S. comprises the bicameral Congress (the Senate and House of Representatives). |
| Judicial Branch | The Judicial Branch is the system of federal courts, led by the Supreme Court, responsible for interpreting laws, settling disputes, and deciding whether laws violate the Constitution. |
| Executive Branch | The Executive Branch is the division of government led by the President that is responsible for implementing, enforcing, and carrying out the laws enacted by the legislative branch. |
| Federalists | The Federalists were supporters of the proposed U.S. Constitution who argued that a stronger central government was necessary to maintain order and prosperity, opposing the decentralized system of the Articles of Confederation. |
| Anti-Federalists | The Anti-Federalists were opponents of the proposed U.S. Constitution who argued that a strong central government would threaten states' rights and individual liberties, and they successfully demanded the addition of a Bill of Rights. |
| "The Federalist" | "The Federalist", or the Federalist Papers, is a collection of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to explain the U.S. Constitution and persuade New York voters to ratify it. |
| Bill of Rights | The Bill of Rights consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which were added to guarantee specific individual liberties—such as freedom of speech and religion—and to limit the power of the federal government. |
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