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Pharmacology
Anti-Infectives; Antiparasitics; Pain and Inflammation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bacteriostatic | Capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria |
| Bactericidal | Capable of killing bacteria |
| Culture and Sensitivity Test | A test to identify the most effective antimicrobial to kill a pathogenic microorganism |
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) | The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that can kill or stop the growth of a microorganism |
| Zoonotic | Refers to a disease that can be transmitted to humans from animals |
| Helminth | A parasitic worm |
| Nematodes | Roundworms |
| Cestodes | Parasitic flatworms or tapeworms |
| Trematodes | Parasitic flukes |
| Insect-Growth Regulators (IGRs) | Mimic the natural IGRs of insects, resulting in high levels of IGRs that interfere with flea larva development |
| Nociceptors | Pain receptors |
| Pyrogen | A substance that raises the body temperature, causing fever |
| Cyclooxygenase | Enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin |
| Nerve Block | Blocking a plexus or ganglion with an anesthetic to quiet pain in the corresponding area of the body |
| An owner of a cattle farm reports that a few of her cows have had aborted fetuses, stillbirths, and fetal membranes showing signs of infection. Further examination indicates brucellosis infection. Which of the following is used to treat this disease? | Minocycline |
| Insect growth regulators (IGRs) mimic the natural IGRs of insects. When used, the resultant high level of IGRs interferes with flea larva development. What's an example of an IGR product or ingredient? | Methoprene |
| Which of the four groups (generations) of cephalosporins is effective against Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria? | Third-generation |
| Treatment of a dog using dietary modification and urine alkalinization for cystine urolithiasis hasn't resulted in improvement. Which of the following drugs is a useful alternative in this instance? | Tobramycin sulfate injection |
| What ingredient in Drontal Plus is effective against liver flukes? | Praziquantel |
| An otic preparation that's effective for Pseudomonas otitis is | ticarcillin/clavulanate |
| Exercise intolerance in a dog was found to be caused by a heartworm infection. The infection is moderate, and treatment was recommended. What immiticide is available that is not associated with risk of liver toxicity? | Melarsomine dihydrochloride |
| Many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX). What NSAID is commonly used in horses to provide pain relief in cases of colic? | Flunixin meglumine |
| Three pigs on a farm have diarrhea that's light brown in color and contains jelly-like mucus. Fluorescent antibody tests on fecal smears indicate swine dysentery. What drug is used to treat pigs with this disease? | Tiamulin |
| Zithromax is a human-label drug used to treat Bordetella in dogs. What's the main mechanism of action of this drug and others in its class? | Inhibiting protein synthesis |
| Due to Lufenuron's mechanism of action, which of the following statements regarding its effectiveness is true? | It's only effective against flea larvae |
| COX-1-sparing NSAIDs provide anti-inflammatory effects with limited gastrointestinal adverse effects. Which of the following drugs in this class is used to treat osteoarthritis in dogs and cats? | Robenacoxib |
| Which of the following drugs can be used to treat adverse effects of imidocarb dipropionate in a cat treated for cytauxzoonosis? | Atropine |
| L-Lysine Powder-Pure is capable of suppressing feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) infections. What's the mechanism of action of this drug? | Competes with arginine and interferes with incorporation into herpes viruses |
| Tramadol has alpha-2-agonist properties because it inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin. What additional CNS-related analgesic effect does this drug have? | It's an opioid mu receptor agonist |
| An open wound involving a bone fracture was neglected in a stray dog. When rescued and taken to your clinic, the dog was found to have osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following antimicrobial agents is used to treat this? | Clindamycin |
| Nitenpyram can be given in tablet form to dogs and cats to kill fleas. Which statement is true regarding its action? | Its effects begin within 30 minutes of dosing |
| Why is butorphanol an opioid agonist-antagonist? | It's an opioid kappa receptor agonist but antagonizes opioid mu receptors |
| Local anesthetics such as lidocaine and bupivacaine have additional pharmacological effects, including | epidural anesthesia |
| There are a number of mechanisms by which corticosteroids can protect cells from inflammatory trauma, and one includes | inhibiting interleukin synthesis |
| What FDA-approved aminoglycoside is used for intrauterine infusion in mares? | Amikacin |
| _______ is the most commonly used formamidine in veterinary medicine. | Amitraz |
| Which of the following is an anticestodal commonly used to treat tapeworm infections? | Cestex |
| NSAIDs work by inhibiting which enzyme? | Cyclooxygenase |
| Methocarbamol has all of the following uses, except | anesthesia |
| Which statement is incorrect about the use of antimicrobial drugs? | Use a broad-spectrum antibiotic if the infective organism is sensitive to a specific antibiotic |
| Oxibendazole is the main ingredient in which equine paste dewormer? | Anthelcide EQ |
| Which drug is used for treating Borrelia bugdorferi? | Ceftriaxone |
| Which two classes of drugs are no longer able to be used in food-producing animals? | Metronidazole and chloramphenicol |
| _______ may be used in equine medicine to diagnose lameness by administering it to an area and observing abatement of lameness. | Nerve blocks |
| Which of the following is not an antiviral agent? | Nystatin |
| If an owner saw roundworms in their dog's stool and wanted to purchase an over-the-counter dewormer for roundworms they would choose | Piperazine |
| What measures the lowest concentration of antibiotics needed to inhibit the growth of an organism? | MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) |
| All of the following are types of corticosteroids except _______ | Ketoprofen |
| Which of the following drugs is approved for use in horses as an injectable NSAID that must be given intravenously? | Phenylbutazone |
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user-2014609