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Teas Prep Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What does the liver do | Processes chemicals and produces bile |
| What is the function of the pancreas | Produces hormones and helps with digestion |
| What is the function of the spleen | Immune function and blood storage |
| What do the kidneys do | Clean and filter the blood |
| What does the gallbladder do | Stores bile |
| What organs make up the circulatory system | Heart, blood, and blood vessels |
| What does the endocrine system control | Growth, metabolism, and reproduction using hormones |
| What organs are part of the integumentary system | Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands |
| What structures make up the lower respiratory tract | Trachea, bronchi, and lungs |
| What is smooth muscle | Muscle that works automatically (involuntary) |
| Where is smooth muscle found | Stomach |
| What do tendons connect | Muscle to bone |
| What mineral is required for muscle contraction | Calcium |
| What happens when calcium levels are low | Muscle spasms |
| What happens when calcium levels are high | Weak muscle contractions |
| What is the function of the cerebellum | Controls coordination |
| What does a neuron do | Sends signals |
| What is a synapse | Gap between neurons |
| What is the function of dendrites | Receive signals |
| What protects the brain | Cranium |
| What is the function of red blood cells | Deliver oxygen |
| What do platelets do | Help blood clot and plug leaks |
| What does the left ventricle do | Pumps blood to the body |
| What does the right side of the heart do | Pumps blood to the lungs |
| What do veins usually carry | Deoxygenated blood |
| Which vein carries oxygenated blood | Pulmonary vein |
| What are alveoli | Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs |
| Where are nutrients absorbed | Small intestine |
| What is insulin’s function | Unlocks cells so glucose can enter |
| What happens if there is no insulin | High blood sugar |
| What happens if there is too much insulin | Low blood sugar |
| What is a hinge joint | Allows back-and-forth movement |
| Give an example of a hinge joint | Elbow |
| What controls body temperature | Sweat glands |
| What body system controls involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion | Autonomic nervous system |
| Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate | Medulla oblongata |
| What is the function of the hypothalamus | Maintains homeostasis and regulates hormones |
| Which organ produces insulin | Pancreas |
| Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels | Insulin |
| Which hormone raises blood glucose levels | Glucagon |
| What organ filters waste from the blood | Kidneys |
| What is the functional unit of the kidney | Nephron |
| What part of the nephron filters blood | Glomerulus |
| What part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs | Left atrium |
| Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart | Arteries |
| Which blood vessels carry blood toward the heart | Veins |
| Which artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs | Pulmonary artery |
| Which vein carries blood from the lungs to the heart | Pulmonary vein |
| What blood type is the universal donor | O negative |
| What blood type is the universal recipient | AB positive |
| What component of blood fights infection | White blood cells |
| What part of the respiratory system warms and filters air | Nasal cavity |
| Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs | Alveoli |
| Which muscle is primarily responsible for breathing | Diaphragm |
| What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation | It contracts and moves downward |
| What happens to the diaphragm during exhalation | It relaxes and moves upward |
| Where does most digestion occur | Small intestine |
| What is the function of bile | Breaks down fats |
| Where is bile produced | Liver |
| Where is bile stored | Gallbladder |
| What nutrient provides the body with quick energy | Carbohydrates |
| What nutrient is used for tissue repair and growth | Protein |
| What nutrient is stored for long-term energy | Fats |
| What vitamin is needed for calcium absorption | Vitamin D |
| What mineral is important for oxygen transport in blood | Iron |
| What body system is responsible for movement | Muscular system |
| What type of muscle is voluntary | Skeletal muscle |
| What type of muscle is found in the heart | Cardiac muscle |
| What type of muscle lines organs like the stomach | Smooth muscle |
| What joint allows rotation movement | Ball-and-socket joint |
| Give an example of a ball-and-socket joint | Shoulder |
| What body system protects against disease | Immune system |
| What is the body’s first line of defense | Skin |
| What process keeps the body in balance | Homeostasis |
| What body system regulates temperature | Integumentary system |
| What structure carries messages away from the cell body | Axon |
| What nervous system controls voluntary movement | Somatic nervous system |
| What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering | Iris |
| What part of the eye focuses light | Lens |
| What part of the ear controls balance | Semicircular canals |
| What is the main function of platelets | Blood clotting |
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