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Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of Digestive System | digestion, absorption, excretion |
| Chemical Digestion | catabolic reactions to break down food into usable form |
| Mechanical Digestion | break down of food from bigger to smaller pieces |
| Alimentary Canal | oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus |
| Accessory Organs | pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and salivary glands |
| Saliva | liquid used in chemical digestion |
| Salivary Amylase | enzyme in saliva that breaks down food |
| Crown | top, exposed portion of tooth |
| Neck | middle portion, junction line between crown and root |
| Root | bottom, projections of tooth |
| Gingiva | Gums |
| Periodontal Ligament | Fibrous connective tissue that anchors tooth and absorbs shock |
| Enamel | hard covering that protects tooth |
| Dentin | boney part of tooth, gives tooth shape and rigidity |
| Pulp | cavity that contains nerves and blood vessels |
| Root Canal | passageway in root for nerves and blood vessels |
| Deglutition | swallowing |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Maceration | churning |
| Segmentation | small intestine mixes food |
| Haustral Churning | large intestine moves food |
| Peristalsis | waves that move food through alimentary canal |
| Fundus | top portion of stomach, temporary food storage |
| Stomach Body | middle portion of stomach |
| Pylorus | bottom portion of stomach |
| Cardiac Sphincter | connects stomach and esophagus |
| Pyloric Sphincter | connects pylorus and duodenum |
| Ileocecal Valve | connects small and large intestines |
| Hepatic Duct | carries bile from liver |
| Mucous | protects stomach’s inner lining |
| Pepsinogen | Chief cells, facilities chemical digestion of protein |
| Hydrochloric Acid | helps with digestion |
| Parietal Cells | secrete hydrochloric acid |
| Goblet Cells | secretes mucous |
| Gastric Juice | pepsinogen, parietal cells, and goblet cells |
| Pancreas | produces digestive enzymes |
| Gallbladder | stores and concentrates bile |
| Liver | makes bile |
| Bile | emulsifies fat to acid |
| Duodenum | 14”, chemical digestion |
| Jejunum | 8’, nutrient absorption |
| Ileum | 12’, nutrient absorption |
| Stomach | Place of most mechanical digestion |
| Large Intestine Functions | Forms and excretes feces, produces vitamins (K), absorbs nutrients |
| Cecum | first portion of large intestine |
| Ascending Colon | transports feces up |
| Transverse Colon | transports feces from right to left |
| Descending Colon | transports feces down |
| Sigmoid Colon | connects to rectum |
| Rectum | temporary storage of feces |
| Anal Canal / Anus | excretes feces |
| Appendicitis | inflamed appendix |
| Cirrhosis | liver tissue is damaged, inflamed, and thick |
| Colorectal Cancer | cancer in colon and rectum, polyps |
| Gallstones | crystalline structures in gallbladder |
| Hepatitis | inflamed liver caused by viruses |
| Obesity | excessive fat |
| Ulcers | open sores in stomach / small intestine |
| IBS | recurrent bowel problems |
| Crohn’s Disease | Chronic swelling of tissues in digestive tract |
| Celiac Disease | small intestine is sensitive to gluten |
Created by:
user-1928181