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0104DEN
coronal polishing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| coronal polishing: | clinical procedure that removes plaque and stain from the coronal surface of teeth using low speed handpiece with prophy angle, rubber cup, and abrasive agent |
| point of coronal polishing | create smooth tooth surface to make plaque, calculus, and stain harder to adhere |
| can only coronal polish which parts of teeth | clinical crowns |
| clinical crowns: | portion of tooth visible |
| coronal polishing not substitute for.... | dental prophylaxis |
| dental prophylaxis | (prophy or cleaning) complete removal of calculus, plaque, stains from teeth using hand instruments, ultrasonic scaling, and coronal polishing |
| hard mineralized deposit attached to teeth | calculus |
| who can perform dental prophylaxis | dentist and dental hygienist |
| indications for coronal polishing | -create smooth surface -remove extrinsic stains -enhance fluorid absorption -place dental sealants & dental dam -bond brackets & cementation (ortho) -for etching & bonding -cementation for crown & bridge -remove temporary cement |
| selective polishing | only certain teeth or surfaces of tooth are polished |
| why selective polishing | to avoid unnecessary removal of small amounts of surface enamel |
| when abrasive agent used during coronal polishing, small amount of _____________ is removed | fluoride rich outer enamel |
| what can be used if pt doesnt have visible stain but requests coronal polishing | very find abrasive like commercial toothpaste |
| coronal polishing can have __________ value | therapeutic |
| therapeutic polishing | polishing root surfaces that have been exposed during periodontal surgery |
| polishing reduces....... | endotoxins and bacteria on cementum |
| contraindications of coronal polishing | -newly erupted teeth (not completely mineralized, enamel will be removed) -exposed cementum (its softer than enamel and removed easily) |
| 2 categories of dental stains | endogenous exogenous |
| 3 basic ways teeth stains can occur | -stain within tooth structure -stain adhered directly on tooth surface -stain embedded in calculus and plaque deposits |
| endogenous stains | internal stains acquired during tooth development and systemic disturbances |
| endogenous stains may be seen in... | deciduous and permanent dentitions |
| endogenous stains can or cant be removed by scaling or polishing | cannot |
| examples of endogenous stains | -fluorosis -tetracycline stain -enamel hypoplasia |
| fluorosis | caused by fluoride intake during formation of teeth |
| fluorosis appears | -white/brown spots -milky appearance -pitting |
| tetracycline stains result from | meds taken by mother or child during tooth development |
| tetracycline stain appers | light yellow, brown or gray |
| enamel hypoplasia caused by | environmental factors like bacterial and viral infection, malnutrition, premature birth, trauma to teeth |
| enamel hypoplasia appearance | underdeveloped enamel causing discoloration |
| extrinsic stains | stains that appear on exterior surface of tooth and can be removed by polishing |
| intrinsic stains | stains located within tooth that are caused by environmental source and cannot be removed because stain incorporated into structure of tooth |
| intrinsic and endogenous stains differ how | instrinsic stains occur after tooth development |
| reasons for instrinsic stains include | fractured tooth antibiotic induced pulp infection tooth decay too much fluoride aging dental amalgam |
| two methods of stains removal | rubber cup polishing air powder polishing |
| when polishing, need to be cautious about: | 1. not to remove surface enamel 2. to avoid trauma to gingiva |
| most common technique for removing stains, plaque, and for polishing teeth is the use of an abrasive polishing agent in a ____________ thats rotated slowly and carefully by a prophy angle attached to SPHP | rubber polishing cup |
| _______________: alternative to traditional rubber cup polishing | air polishing |
| air powder polishing technique uses a.... | specially designed handpiece with a nozzle that delivers a slurry of warm water and sodium bicarbinate |
| which technique of polishing is recommended for cleaning and removing extrinsic stains for pits and fissures before placing sealants | air polishing |
| manufacturer's instructions caution against use of air polishing for patients with..... | respiratory diseases |
| extrinsic stains examples: thin black line near gingival margin | -common in girls, usually clean mouth, hard to remove -caused by natural tendencies |
| extrinsic stains examples: tobacco | -brown or black -lingual and interproximal areas |
| extrinsic stains examples: brown or yellow stain caused by | -poor oral hygiene -calculus from food & drinks -medical conditions (diabetes, hormonal) |
| extrinsic stains examples: green stain | -facial surfaces of max anterior teeth -mostly common in children |
| extrinsic stains examples: green stain caused by | poor oral hygiene when bacteria or fungi retained in bacterial plaque |
| extrinsic stains examples: dental plaque agents | -red/brown stains on interproximal and cervical areas, restorations, or tongue |
| extrinsic stains examples: dental plaque agents caused by | mouth rinses with chlorhexidine |
| what chlorhexidine is | disinfectant with broad antibacterial action |
| extrinsic stains examples: food and drink stain | light brown stain in calculus |
| extrinsic stains examples: nasmyth's membrane | light green/brown stain caused by food in residue of epithelium during tooth eruption |
| intrinsic stains examples: pulpless teeth | -not all discolor -wide rade of colors: yellow, gray, red/brown, black, orange, green |
| intrinsic stains examples: pulpless teeth cause | blood and pulpal tissues break down as a result of pigments from blood and tissue penetrates the dentin and show through enamel |
| intrinsic stains examples: tetracycline | light green - yellow - brown depends on dosage, length of time used, and type of tetra given |
| intrinsic stains examples: tetracycline stains can occur when | tetra is given in infancy or early childhood |
| intrinsic stains examples: fluorosis | AKA mottled enamel -white spots or distinct brown stains |
| intrinsic stains examples: fluorosis results from | ingestion of excessive fluoride during mineralization period of tooth development |
| intrinsic stains examples: silver amalgam appears | gray or black around restoration |
| intrinsic stains examples: amalgam stains appears because | metallic ions from amalgam penetrate dentin and enamel |
| intrinsic stains examples: aging | yellow -associated with secondary dentin and aging |
| containdications to air polishing | -pt with restricted sodium diet -respiratory, renal, metabolic disease -children -exposed cementum or dentin |
| what is attached to reusable prophy angle witha. snap on or screw on attachment | polishing cup |
| polishing cup made of | natural or synthetic rubber |
| natural polishing cups: | more resilient and do not stain teeth |
| synthetic polishing cups: | stiffer than natural cups and should be used for pts with latex allergies |
| what is used to remove stains from deep pits and fissures of enamel surfaces | bristle brushes |
| bristle brushes made from | natural or synthetic materials |
| bristle brushes are not recommended for use on... | exposed dentin or cementum because soft and easily grooved |
| prophylaxis angle AKA | prophy angle |
| prophy angle attaches to.... | SSHP |
| 2 types of prophy angles | reusable and disposable |
| handpiece and prophy angle held in what grasp | pen grasp with handle resting in the U shaped area of hand between thumb and index finger |
| operate handpieces at moderate speed of 1000-3000 rpm with max of _________ to help reduce abrasion | 10,000 |
| whats use to control speed (rpm) of handpiece | rheostat |
| fulcrum | -finger rest -ring finger (3rd finger) -as close to working area as possible -can be intraoral or extraoral |
| fulcrum preferably....(where in mouth) | intraoral and same arch |
| polishing agents (abrasives) available in many grits..... | fine, medium, coarse, extra coarse |
| fine grit paste creates | finer scratches with smother and shinier tooth surface |
| medium grit paste creates | minimal damage to enamel while helping remove stains |
| coarse grit paste removes | stains quickly but creates rougher tooth surface thats more prone to staining again |
| extra coarse grit paste removes | difficult stains |
| goal is the always use the abrasive agent that will produce.... | the LEAST amount of abrasion to tooth surface |
| more abrasive agent used, the greater..... | the degree of abrasion |
| the lighter the amount of pressure applied to the polishing up..... | the less abrasion |
| the slower the rotation of polishing cup.... | the less abrasion |
| polishing agents (prophy paste) | premixed pastes or powders mixed with water or mouthwash to form a slurry |
| what kind of prophy paste used for restorations | low abrasive pastes such as: -micron-fine sapphire or diamond paste -aluminum oxide paste |
| what paste suggested when only porcelain is being polished | sapphire or diamond polishing paste |
| what paste suggested for filled hybrid composites and resin restorations? | aluminum oxide paste |
| what to polish first: restorations or rest of teeth | restorations, to reduce possibility that coarse abrasive may remain in rubber cup |
| if using air polishing _____PSI of air pressure is sufficient for stain removal | 20 |
| polish each tooth for apprx ______secs | 3-5 |
| to access mandibular arch, the patient's chin should be | down, so when head open, lower jaw is parallel to floor |
| to access maxillary arch, the patient's chin should be | up |
| for right handed operators, generally begin coronal polish seated at which position | 8 o clock |
| when polishing.. the cup should start | on gingival third and down to incisal third & lightly (away from gingival third) |
| how cup is positioned on tooth | flat on teeth |
| for left handed operators, generally begin coronal polish seated at which position | 3 o clock |
| if teeth stain cant be removed with coronal polishing, what can be done | whitening |
| amalgam is what kind of stain? | exogenous and intrinsic |
| during prophylaxis, patient will be told to ....... throughout entire procedure | keep safety glasses on |
Created by:
marthaadrong