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nuclear chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nuclear | related to the nucleus of an atom |
| radiation | energy that transforms through space |
| alpha particle | a helium nucleus, emitted as a form of radiation, used by Rutherford in the Gold Foil Experiment |
| beta particle | high energy electrons |
| positron | particle identical to an electron expect it has a positive charge |
| gamma ray | high-energy ray similar to an X-ray |
| radioisotope | an unstable nucleus that is radioactive |
| tracer | the radioisotope used to track a chemical reaction |
| artificial transmutation | a transmutation caused by bombarding a nucleus with a high- energy particle, such as a neutron or an alpha particle |
| natural transmutation | spontaneously changing an atom of an element into a different element |
| fission | splitting a large nuclei into middleweight nuclei and neutrons |
| fusion | endothermic phase change, solid → liquid; the nuclear reaction where light nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei |
| half life | the length of time for half of a given sample of a radioisotope to decay |