Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MED-SURG FOR PSYCH
NORMALITY AND MENTAL DISORDERS
| Term | Definition | Definition 2 |
|---|---|---|
| NORMALITY | ● A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing (WHO) ● Mental well-being presumes the absence of mental disorder defined in DSM-V | ● Defined as patterns of behavior or personality traits that are typical or that conform to some standard of proper and acceptable ways of behaving and being |
| MENTAL HEALTH | ● Defined as "the successful performance of mental functions, in terms of thought, mood, and behavior that results in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with others, and the ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity." | |
| FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF NORMALITY | ● Normality as Health ● Normality as Utopia ● Normality as Average ● Normality as Process | |
| Normality as Health | ○ Absence of manifest psychopathology | |
| Normality as Utopia | ○ Harmonious and optimal blending of the diverse elements of the mental apparatus that culminates in optimal functioning | |
| Normality as Average | ○ Bell-shaped curve ○ Middle range normal and both extremes deviant | |
| Normality as Process | ○ Behavior is the end result of interacting systems ○ Temporal changes are essential to a complete definition of normality ○ Erik Erikson's epigenesis of personality development as a process | |
| NORMALITY IN CONTEXT | ● Autonormal ● Autopathological ● Heteronormal ● Heteropathological | |
| Autonormal | ○ Person seen as normal by his own society | |
| Autopathological | ○ Person seen as abnormal by his own society ○ Ex: Bullying | |
| Heteronormal | ○ Person seen as normal by members of another society observing him ○ Ex: LGBTQ pov in other countries, Senakulo for Filipinos, Balot for Filipinos | |
| Heteropathological | ○ Person seen as abnormal by members of another society observing him ○ Ex: LGBTQ in the PH, senakulo for other countries | |
| MENTAL DISORDER | ● A behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern associated with distress (e.g., a painful symptom), or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom | |
| PSYCHOSIS | ● Defined as grossly impaired reality testing ● Persons with psychosis incorrectly evaluate the accuracy of their perceptions and thoughts and make incorrect inferences about external reality, even in the face of contrary evidence | ● Synonymous with severe impairment of social and personal functioning |
| NEUROSIS | ● Defined as a chronic or recurrent disorder that is characterized mainly by anxiety, which appears alone or as a symptom such as an obsession, compulsion, phobia, or a sexual dysfunction | |
| Difference of neurosis from psychosis: | Reality testing and personality organization is intact | |
| BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL | ● In 1977, George Engel stressed an integrated systems approach to human behavior and disease ● He postulated that each system affects, and is affected by, every other system ● Use today in understanding an individual w/ psychiatric disorders | ● The model does not assert that medical illness is a direct result of a person's psychological or sociocultural makeup but, rather, encourages a comprehensive understanding of disease and treatment |
| Biological system | emphasizes the anatomical, structural, and molecular substrate of disease and its effects on the patient's biological functioning ■ Physical health, vulnerabilities | |
| Psychological system | emphasizes the effects of psychodynamic factors, motivation, and personality on the experience of illness and the reaction to it | ■ Psychodynamic factor ■ Individual response to influences coming from the environment ■ Self-esteem, coping skills, social skills |
| Psychodynamic factor | - environment where grew up, people surround him, factors in his childhood, adulthood, defense mechanisms | |
| Social system | emphasizes cultural environmental, and familial influences on the expression and the experience of illness ■ Influences coming from the environment, people around him, and culture | |
| PERSONALITY | ● Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in various situations | |
| PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY | ● Three viewpoints in the study of personality | |
| Three viewpoints in the study of personality | ○ to construct a coherent picture of a person and his or her major psychological processes ○ views personality as the study of individual differences, in other words, how people differ from each other | ○ examines human nature and how all people are similar to one other |
| PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS | ● 5 philosophical assumptions where theorists disagree: | |
| 5 philosophical assumptions where theorists disagree: | ● FREEDOM VS DETERMINISM ● HEREDITY VS ENVIRONMENT (NATURE VS NURTURE) ● UNIQUENESS VS UNIVERSALITY ● PROACTIVE VS REACTIVE ● OPTIMISTIC VS PESSIMISTIC | |
| FREEDOM VS DETERMINISM | ● The debate over whether we have control over our own behavior and understand the motives behind it (Freedom), or if our behavior is basically determined by some other force over which we might not have control (Determinism) | |
| Freedom | we have control over our own behavior and understand the motives behind it | |
| Determinism | our behavior is basically determined by some other force over which we might not have control | |
| HEREDITY VS ENVIRONMENT (NATURE VS NURTURE) | ● Personality is thought to be determined largely by either genetics or by environment and experiences, or both | |
| UNIQUENESS VS UNIVERSALITY | ● The argument over whether we are all unique individuals (Uniqueness) or if humans are basically similar in their nature (Universality) | |
| Uniqueness | we are all unique individuals | |
| Universality | humans are basically similar in their nature | |
| PROACTIVE VS REACTIVE | ● Do we primarily act through our own initiative (Proactive), or do we react to outside stimuli (Reactive)? | |
| Proactive | act through our own initiative | |
| Reactive | react to outside stimuli | |
| OPTIMISTIC VS PESSIMISTIC | ● Whether or not we can alter our personalities (Optimistic) or if they remain the same throughout our whole lives (Pessimistic) | |
| Optimistic | we can alter our personalities | |
| Pessimistic | personalities remain the same throughout our whole lives | |
| PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT | ● Some theorists proposed that personality development is complete by the end of childhood or adolescence ● Some believe that personality continues to develop and grow over the life span | |
| personality development is complete by the end of childhood or adolescence | ○ Personality rigidifies as individuals age ○ The reason why we cannot diagnose personality disorders during childhood, only when they reach adolescence and adulthood | |
| personality continues to develop and grow over the life span | ○ Proceed through a series of psychosocial stages (Erikson) ○ Stability in 5 basic personality traits | |
| Stability in 5 basic personality traits: | extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness experience and conscientiousness (OCEAN) |
Created by:
avemaria