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medical asepsis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| when does a infection occur in a cycle? | if there is all a infectious agent or pathogen, reservoir or source of pathogen growth, a port of exit, a mode of transmission, port of entry to a host and a susceptible host |
| what is an infectious agent | bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, protozoa |
| what is virulence | the severity or harmfulness of a disease |
| what is a reservoir | place where microorganisms survive, multiply and await transfer to a susceptible host |
| example of reservoir | humans, food, water, organic matter on inanimate surfaces |
| what is aerobic bacteria | requires oxygen for survival and multiplying |
| what is anaerobic bacteria | thrives where little or no free oxygen is avaliable |
| ex of aerobic bacteria | staph aureus |
| ex of anaerobic bacteria | bacteroids fragilis |
| what is the ideal temp for most human pathogens | 68-109 f |
| cold temps tend to what to bacteria? | prevent growth and reproduction of bacteria |
| what is bacteriostasis | prevention of bacterial growth and reproduction |
| what is bactericidal | temperature or chemical that destroys bacteria |
| microorganisms preferred pH range? | 5-7 pH |
| what are examples of portals of exits | blood, skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract |
| what is a portal of exit | route where agent moves from reservoir to host |
| what are the modes of transmission | direct, indirect, droplet, airborne, vehicles, vector |
| what is an indirect mode of transmission | personal contact of host with contaminated inanimate object (needles, soiled linen) |
| droplet transmission | within 6 feet, keep PPE on within 3 ft of infected |
| airborne | stays in air longer droplets in air during coughing or sneezing |
| vehicles | contaminated items (sharps), water, blood, improper food |
| vector | flies, internal transmission such as parasitic conditions (mosquitoes, fleas, ticks) |
| incubation period | interval between time of exposure to infection until first symptom |
| prodromal period | interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms |
| illness stage | patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to type of infection |
| convalescence | acute symptoms of infection disappear |
| where are normal flora located | resides on surface and deep layers of skin, saliva and oral mucosa, and in GI and GU tracts |
| what is a suprainfection | broad-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora not ones just causing infection (ex. yeast infection) |
| what is inflammation | cellular response of the body to injury, infection or irritation |
| what is the 5 steps in nursing process | ADPIE (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) |
| example of medical aspesis | handwashing |
| what happens during assessment | patient's current condition, history of previous health problems involving infection, potential risks |
| during assessment, you can run lab tests such as | increased WBC count or blood culture to indicate infection |
| what happens during diagnosis | risk for infection, impaired nutritional status, impaired oral mucous membranes, impaired tissue integrity |
| in diagnosis you should _____ data | validate data, review lab tests to confirm diagnosis |
| during planning of the nursing process.,. | develop a plan of care for each of the patient's nursing diagnoses |
| what is implementation | implement patient-centered plan of care with appropriate evidence-based measures effectively reduce risk of infection |
| what is asepsis | absence of pathogenic (disease producing) microorganisms |
| what is the purpose of aseptic technique | practices/procedures that help reduce the risk of infection |
| two types of aseptic technique | medical and surgical asepsis |
| what breaks the chain of infection | basic medical aseptic techniques |
| what is disinfection | process that eliminates many or all microorganisms EXCEPT SPORES |
| sterilization | destroys all forms of microbial life including spores |
| what are some methods that you can process items through to sterilize | steam, dry heat, hydrogen peroxide plasma, or ethylene oxide |
| what is the single most effective way to prevent transmission of infection | handwashing |
| standard precautions | strategy to prevent infection transmission and apply to contact with blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, mucous membranes, and equipment or surfaces contaminated with potentially infectious materials |
| who does standard precautions apply to | all patients |
| what are protective environment precautions | applies to those highly susceptible to infection, requires specialized room with positive airflow (rate is 12 air exchanges per hour) HEPA filter |
| what are the precautions for a patient with TB | close doors and is in special negative-pressure room |
| what is OSHA | occupational safety and health administration ensures safe working conditions by setting and enforcing standards |
Created by:
shinykwon