Question 1

Imperialism

Accepted Answer

Imperialism is the policy in which powerful European nations took control of African territories. This occurred mainly in the late 1800s as Europe sought raw materials, power, and global influence.

Question 2

Scramble for Africa

Accepted Answer

The Scramble for Africa was the rapid takeover of African land by European countries during the late 19th century. European nations competed aggressively for territory to gain resources and increase national power.

Question 3

Berlin Conference

Accepted Answer

The Berlin Conference (1884–1885) was a meeting where European leaders divided Africa among themselves without African representation. It set borders and rules for colonization, increasing European control and African conflict.

Question 4

Causes of Imperialism (3 G’s)

Accepted Answer

The main causes of imperialism in Africa were Gold, God, and Glory. Europeans wanted raw materials and wealth, to spread Christianity, and to increase national pride and power.

Question 5

Nationalism

Accepted Answer

Nationalism is strong pride in one’s country. European nations competed for African colonies to prove their strength and dominance over other nations.

Question 6

Industrial Revolution

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution increased Europe’s need for raw materials and new markets. Africa became a target for imperialism because it had valuable resources needed for factory production.

Question 7

Raw Materials

Accepted Answer

Raw materials such as rubber, diamonds, and gold were taken from Africa by European powers. These resources fueled European industries while Africans benefited very little.

Question 8

Social Darwinism

Accepted Answer

Social Darwinism was the belief that stronger nations had the right to dominate weaker ones. Europeans used this idea to justify imperialism and their control over Africa.

Question 9

Missionaries

Accepted Answer

Missionaries were religious groups who traveled to Africa to spread Christianity. They helped justify imperialism by promoting European culture and beliefs.

Question 10

Direct Rule

Accepted Answer

Direct rule was a system where European governments controlled African colonies directly. Africans had little political power under this system.

Question 11

Indirect Rule

Accepted Answer

Indirect rule involved Europeans governing through local African leaders. This system allowed European powers to control colonies while spending less money and effort.

Question 12

King Leopold II

Accepted Answer

King Leopold II of Belgium controlled the Congo as his personal colony. His rule involved forced labor and extreme violence to profit from rubber production.

Question 13

Belgian Congo

Accepted Answer

The Belgian Congo was a colony controlled by King Leopold II. Africans were forced into labor, leading to millions of deaths and showing the brutality of imperialism.

Question 14

Resistance

Accepted Answer

Resistance refers to African efforts to fight European imperialism. Groups like the Ethiopians successfully defended their independence through military resistance.

Question 15

Ethiopia (Menelik II)

Accepted Answer

Ethiopia, led by Menelik II, successfully resisted European colonization. Their victory showed that African resistance to imperialism was possible.

Question 16

Natural Resources in Africa

Accepted Answer

Africa contained valuable resources such as rubber, diamonds, gold, and copper. European nations exploited these resources to fuel industrial growth.

Question 17

White Man’s Burden

Accepted Answer

The White Man’s Burden was the belief that Europeans had a duty to “civilize” non-European peoples. It was used to morally justify imperialism and cultural control.

Question 18

Suez Canal

Accepted Answer

The Suez Canal is a waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It was important because it made Egypt strategically valuable to European imperial powers.

Question 19

Battle of Adwa

Accepted Answer

The Battle of Adwa was a major battle in 1896 between Ethiopia and Italy. Ethiopia’s victory prevented Italian colonization and made it one of the only African nations to successfully resist European imperialism.

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