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Chemical bonding
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| element | a substance that cannot be split into anything simpler by chemical means |
| molecule | a group of atoms joined together chemically. it is the smallest part of an element or compound that can exist independently |
| compound | a substance that is made up of two different elements chemically combined |
| octet rule | when bonding occurs, atoms tend to reach an arrangement of 8 electrons in the outermost energy level |
| ionic bond | the force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions in a compound. They are always formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| Ion | a charged atom or group of atoms |
| crystal lattice | a three dimensional arrangement of atoms |
| transition metal | one that forms at least one ion with a partially filled d sublevel |
| what transition metals do not have a variable valency | zinc and scandium |
| covalent bond | the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. only occurs between non metals |
| sigma bond | the head on collision of two oribtals |
| pi bond | the side on overlap of two p orbitals |
| VSEPR theory | a lone pair/lone pair repulsion is stronger than a lone pair/bond pair repulsion which is stronger than a bond pair/bond pair repulsion |
| Linear angle | 180 |
| trigonal planar angle | 120 |
| tetrahedral angle | 109.5 |
| trigonal pyramidal angle | 107 |
| v-shaped angle | 104.5 |
| electronegativity | the relative attraction that an atom in a molecule has for the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond |
| when is a bond polar | when the electronegativity of both elements is greater than the other and both elements have to be non-metals / shape is unsymmetrical |
| polar covalent bond | when there is an unequal sharing of the pair of electrons, causing one end of the bond to be slightly positive and the other slightly negative |
| electronegativity of 0-0.1 | non-polar covalent |
| electronegativity of 0.1-0.4 | slightly polar covalent |
| electronegativity of 0.4-0.89 | polar covalent |
| electronegativity of 0.89 -1.69 | very polar covalent |
| electronegativity greater than 1.7 | ionic |
| what is intramolecular bonding | bonding that occurs within the molecule e.g ionic, polar covalent, covalent |
| what in intermolecular bonding | bonding that occurs between molecules e.g london dispersion, dipole dipole, ion-dipole, hydrogen bond |
| london dispersion force | weak attractive force between molecules forming temporary dipoles |
| dipole-dipole force | forces of attraction between the negative pole of one polar molecule and the positive pole of another polar molecule |
| hydrogen bond | when a hydrogen is bonded to either fluorine, nitrogen or oxygen |
| ion dipole | the force of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule |
Created by:
Miki_Szn
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