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resp disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does the phrenic nerve originate? | C4 of spine |
| What does injury at C4 of the spinal cord cause? | Motor and sensory conduction will be interrupted and breathing will be affected |
| What is the ventilation- perfusion ratio? | Ventilation is air and perfusion is blood the ratio must be matched in alveoli |
| Where can central chemoreceptors be found? | Medulla |
| Where can peripheral chemoreceptors be found? | Aorta and carotids |
| How does central chemoreceptors control breathing? | Changes CO2 and pH, hypercapnia or acidosis increases ventilation |
| How does peripheral chemoreceptors control breathing? | Decreases arterial oxygen with a hypoxic drive |
| What is expectoration? | Coughing up sputum |
| What is the difference between nonproductive and productive cough? | Nonproductive has no secretions or sputum while productive has secretions and sputum |