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2.1.2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hyperthermia | condition characterized by an abnormally high body temperature, generally occurring when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate |
| hypothermia | condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically below 35.0 °C (95.0 °F) |
| thermometer | An instrument used to measure body temperature |
| beats per minute (bpm) | the amount of times your heart beats in a minute |
| pulse | the rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction |
| tachycardia | an abnormally rapid resting heart rate, generally considered to be over 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adults |
| bradycardia | an abnormally slow heart rate, typically falling below 60 beats per minute (bpm) in adults |
| radial artery | A major artery in the forearm that runs along the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the wrist. |
| carotid artery | one of the two major paired blood vessels located on either side of the neck that supply oxygenated blood to the brain, neck, and face |
| breaths per minute | the amount of breaths you take per minute |
| inspiration | breathing in |
| expiration | breathing out |
| pulse oximeter | It calculates the percentage of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin (labeled \(SpO_{2}\)) and pulse rate (labeled PR) by passing red and infrared light through a fingertip, toe, or earlobe |
| oxygen | a critical, finite resource for human power, energy production, and cellular respiration |
| carbon dioxide | a colorless, odorless gas produced as a waste product of cellular metabolism. |
| hemoglobin | an iron-containing, oxygen-transport protein found in red blood cells |
| erythrocytes | hemoglobin-rich, red blood cells that lack a nucleus and are responsible for transporting oxygen (and some carbon dioxide) throughout the body |
| sphygmomanometer | an instrument for measuring blood pressure, specifically arterial blood pressure |
| systole/ systolic | the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle (specifically the ventricles) contracts, pumping blood out of the chambers into the aorta and pulmonary arteries |
| diastole/ diastolic | the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle relaxes, allowing the chambers (specifically the ventricles) to dilate and refill with blood |
| mmHg | It is a, manometer-based unit used to measure pressure, specifically the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries. |
| korotkoff sounds | the turbulent blood flow sounds heard through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer. |
| brachial artery | the major blood vessel of the (upper) arm |
| hypertension | a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure in the arteries,. It forces the heart to work harder, damaging blood vessels, and is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. |
| hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure, typically reading below 90/60 mmHg |
| stethoscope | a medical instrument used to listen to the sounds generated inside the body. It is primarily used during physical exams to assess heart, lung, and intestinal sounds (auscultation) and to measure blood pressure in conjunction with a sphygmomanometer |
| electrocardiogram | a graphical recording of the electrical impulses that trigger the heart's contraction |
| body mass index (BMI) | a measure of body fat based on the ratio of a person's weight to their height. It is used as a screening tool to categorize individuals into underweight, healthy weight, overweight, or obese groups. |
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