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2.1.3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Otoscope | an instrument designed for visual examination of the eardrum and the passage of the outer ear, typically having a light and a set of lenses. |
| Structures of the Ear | consist of a three-part anatomical system—outer, middle, and inner—responsible for hearing and balance |
| Acute Otitis Media | a rapid-onset, usually bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear, commonly following upper respiratory infections |
| Ophthalmoscope | an instrument for inspecting the retina and other parts of the eye. |
| Visual Accuity | the clarity, sharpness, and resolving power of the eye, measuring its ability to distinguish fine details and shapes in the direct line of sight. |
| Conjunctivitis (pink eye) | is the inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane lining the eyelid and covering the white part of the eyeball (sclera) |
| 4 Signs of Inflammation | redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor) |
| Structures of the Oral Cavity | the vestibule (area between cheeks/teeth) and the oral cavity proper (inside the teeth), bound by the lips, cheeks, hard/soft palates, tongue, and gingiva |
| Skin Cancer Screening (Mole Checks) | a preventative, non-invasive examination conducted by a healthcare professional, typically a dermatologist, to inspect the entire skin surface for suspicious moles, spots, or lesions |
| Malignant | cancerous cells or tumors that grow uncontrollably, invade nearby tissues, and can spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body through blood or lymph systems |
| Melanoma | the most dangerous form of skin cancer, arising from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the epidermis |
| Benign | a tumor, growth, or condition that is not cancerous |
| Auscultation | the medical practice of listening to internal body sounds, primarily using a stethoscope, to assess the heart, lungs, intestines, and arteries for diagnosis |
| Intercostal Space | the anatomical region located between two adjacent ribs |
| Lub Dub | the two distinct sounds produced by the closing of heart valves during a cardiac cycle, as heard through a stethoscope |
| S1 & S2 sounds | "lub-dub" sounds of a beating heart, representing the closing of heart valves during the cardiac cycle |
| Murmur | an abnormal, blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard between normal "lubb-dupp" heartbeats, typically detected using a stethoscope |
| Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC | extra, premature heartbeats originating in the lower chambers (ventricles) rather than the heart's normal electrical pacemaker |
| Structures of the Heart | a muscular organ, roughly the size of a fist, situated in the chest that pumps blood throughout the body via four chambers (two atria, two ventricles), four valves, and major blood vessels |
| Abnormal Lung Sounds | extra, non-pathological noises—such as crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, or stridor—heard via stethoscope during breathing that indicate underlying pulmonary, cardiac, or airway issues |
| Structures of the Respiratory System | organs and tissues—including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs |
| Bronchus / Bronchi | an extension of the trachea and serve as the central passageway into the lungs |
| Bronchioles | the small air passages in the lungs that branch from the bronchi and lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs |
| Alveoli | the tiny, balloon-shaped air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs |
| Pleura | a thin, two-layered serous membrane that envelops the lungs (visceral layer) and lines the inner chest cavity (parietal layer) |
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