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chapter2 Pharmacolog
chapter two review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The extent to which a drug completes the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion depends on its ability to cross the cell membrane and on | how quickly it can do so. |
| drug dependence results when the body becomes so accustomed to a particular drug that it needs it to function. | Physical |
| Drugs with a _________blank effect are those that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body. | systemic |
| Drugs can have _________blank effects, which are additional effects on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy. | side |
| Adverse reaction | Unexpected or dangerous response to a drug |
| allergy | Abnormal response that results when a patient has developed antibodies against a drug |
| Antibody | Substance produced in the body as a defense against foreign substances such as microorganisms and antigens |
| Antigen | Substance that stimulates production of antibodies and causes allergic reactions |
| Histamine | Substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction; causes allergy symptoms |
| Anaphylaxis | Extreme hypersensitivity reaction that can be local or systemic; if systemic, can be life-threatening |
| hypersensitivity | Extreme physical sensitivity to a substance; sometimes confused with allergy |
| Dyspnea | Shortness of breath |
| Absorption | The passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream |
| Distribution | Movement of the drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action |
| metabolism | Chemical reactions that convert a drug into a water-soluble compound |
| excretion | Elimination of the drug from the body |
| Sublingual | under the tongue |
| Buccal | in the cheek |
| Oral | in the stomach or intestine |
| Intramuscular | in the muscle |
| intravenous | in the bloodstream |
| Subcutaneous | under the skin |
| Topical | Through the skin |
| Rectal | in the rectum |
| The main actions of drugs in the body are | depressing, destroying cells, stimulating, and replacing substances. |
| The _________blank effect is the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the drug is prescribed and administered. | therapeutic |
| idiosyncrasy | Unusual response to a drug that may be caused by abnormal metabolism due to an enzyme deficiency; can be the opposite of the expected effect of the drug |
| Cumulation | The drug builds up in the blood and body tissues which can be dangerous if a high concentration produces a toxic effect |
| Synergism | Interaction in which the two drugs in combination results in a stronger effect |
| Antagonism | Interaction in which two drugs in combination inhibit or cancel the effect of each |
| potentiation | Interaction of two drugs administered at the same time that results in one drug increasing the effect of the other |
| Drugs with a _________blank effect are those that affect mainly the area of the body where they enter or where they are applied. | local |
| Most commonly abused drugs are | controlled substances. |
| With _________blank drug dependence, a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort. | psychological |
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