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Katja Rincon EES 3.1
Study Stack 3.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water | Water is a chemical substance with the formula H₂O, essential for all known forms of life. In a scientific context, it is a polar molecule that exhibits unique properties due to hydrogen bonding. |
| Capillary Action | Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces like gravity. This phenomenon results from a combination of adhesive forces and cohesive forces. |
| Cohesion | Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules within a substance. For water, this property is the tendency of water molecules to stick to each other, primarily through hydrogen bonds. |
| Adhesion | Adhesion is the attraction between molecules of different substances, such as water molecules clinging to a glass surface. It explains why water "climbs" the sides of a graduated cylinder. |
| Property | A property is an intrinsic, measurable characteristic of a substance or system. These characteristics describe the behavior and nature of matter and energy. |
| Polarity | Polarity refers to an uneven distribution of electric charge within a molecule, resulting in a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end. This is a fundamental characteristic of the water molecule, enabling it to dissolve many substances. |
| Transfer | Transfer in a scientific context refers to the movement of a substance, energy, or information from one location to another. Examples include heat transfer via conduction, convection, or radiation. |
| Energy | The capacity to do work or produce change, often transferred through heat, light, or motion. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gases surrounding the Earth, which holds heat and helps regulate climate. |
| Hydrosphere | The combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, including oceans, ice, and atmospheric vapor. |
| Climate | The long-term, average weather patterns of a specific region over an extended period. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) due to differences in density and buoyancy. |
| Freeze | The phase change process where a liquid turns into a solid, releasing heat energy. |
| Dissolve | The process where a solute separates and mixes uniformly into a solvent to form a solution. |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. |
| Solid | A state of matter with a fixed volume and shape, where molecules are packed closely together. |
| Liquid | A state of matter with a fixed volume but no fixed shape, allowing molecules to flow. |
| Gas | A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume, composed of particles that move freely. |
| Solvent | The substance (usually a liquid) that does the dissolving in a solution. |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances, typically a solute dissolved in a solvent. |
| Surface Tension | The tightness across the surface of a liquid caused by the cohesion of particles, resisting external force. |
| Water Cycle | The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface, driven by energy exchanges. |
| Kelvin Scale | An absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero, where 0 K is the lowest possible temperature. |
| Absolute Scale | A temperature scale (like Kelvin) that does not use negative numbers and starts at absolute zero. |
| Universal Solvent | A term for water, referring to its ability to dissolve more substances than any other liquid due to its polarity. |
| Homogeneous Solution | A mixture with a uniform composition and appearance throughout. |
| Heterogeneous Solution | A mixture with a non-uniform composition where different substances or phases can be distinguished. |
| Examples of Heterogeneous Solutions | Oil and water, sandy water, smog, and Italian salad dressing. |
| Examples of Homogeneous Solutions | Saltwater, air, coffee, and vinegar. |
| Example of Cohesion | Water droplets forming a spherical shape on a waxed surface. |
| Example of Adhesion | Water droplets sticking to a pine needle or clinging to the side of a glass. |
| Example of Surface Tension | A water strider insect walking on water. |
| Example of Capillary Action | Water rising up a paper towel or through the xylem in plant roots. |
Created by:
Krincon26