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3.2 ESS

TermDefinition
Water A substance made of H₂O molecules that is essential for life and plays a major role in Earth’s systems.
Polarity A property of a molecule where charges are unevenly distributed, giving it slightly positive and negative end
Cohesion The attraction between molecules of the same substance (water sticking to water).
Adhesion The attraction between molecules of different substances (water sticking to other surfaces).
Surface tension The force that causes water’s surface to behave like a stretched skin due to cohesion.
Capillary action The movement of water through small spaces caused by cohesion and adhesion.
Density The amount of mass in a given volume; in water, density changes with temperature and salinity.
Capacity The ability of a material to hold or store something (such as heat or water).
Energy The ability to do work or cause change.
Heat Thermal energy that moves from a warmer object to a cooler one.
Heat transfer The movement of heat from one place to another.
Energy transfer The movement of energy between objects or systems.
Store (energy) To hold energy for later use.
Absorb To take in energy or a substance.
Transmit To pass energy or heat through a material.
Specific heat The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance.
Specific heat capacity The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
Latent heat Energy absorbed or released during a change of state without changing temperature.
Temperature A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.
Evaporation The process where liquid water changes into water vapor.
Condensation The process where water vapor changes into liquid water.
Melting The change from solid to liquid.
Freezing The change from liquid to solid.
Absorb heat To take in thermal energy.
Energy circulations The continuous movement of energy through Earth systems.
Surface water The upper layer of ocean water warmed by the Sun.
Deep ocean Cold, dense water found far below the surface.
Thermocline A layer in the ocean where temperature changes rapidly with depth.
Halocline A layer in the ocean where salinity changes rapidly with depth.
Salinity The amount of dissolved salt in water.
Current A continuous flow of water in a specific direction.
Ocean current Large-scale movement of seawater driven by wind, density, and Earth’s rotation.
Thermohaline circulation Global ocean circulation driven by differences in temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline).
Wave formation The creation of waves, usually caused by wind transferring energy to water.
Climate The long-term average pattern of weather in a region.
Agent Something that causes change (for example, wind is an agent of erosion).
Convection Heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).
Wind patterns Predictable movements of air caused by uneven heating of Earth.
Coriolis effect The apparent bending of moving air or water due to Earth’s rotation.
Energy circulations Energy circulations
Created by: user-1996996
 

 



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