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Physics
Conservation of Energy (Paper 1)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the equation for Gravitational Potential Energy? | Mass (kg) x Gravity (N/kg) x Height (m) = GPE (J) |
| What is the equation for Kinetic Energy? | 1/2 x M x V² |
| What is meant by the conservation of Energy? | The total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. Energy cannot be made or destroyed but can change from one form to another |
| Describe energy changes when a ball is thrown upwards and then returns to its starting position | KE is converted to GPE, GPE gets converted to KE |
| State any changes in the total energy of a ball that is kicked, assuming that no external forces act. | Total energy remains constant due to the conservation of energy |
| Describe the energy changes that occur in a filament light-bulb | Electrical energy is transferred in to light and heat energy. Light is useful, heat is waste |
| Explain why a bunjee jumper slows down once the chord begins to stretch | KE is converted in to EPE and KE is proportional to velocity, so if KE decreases so does Velocity |
| What is waste energy? | The energy not used by the device for it's desired purpose |
| State 2 equations for efficiency | Useful output energy/total output energy Useful power output/total power output |
| State 3 methods of reducing heat loss in a building. | Double glazing, thick walls, loft and wall insulation |
| How can you reduce unwanted energy transfer in a mechanical system? | Reduce friction by lubricating moving parts |
| How can the efficiency of a system be increased? | Reducing waste output (lubrication) and recycling waste output |
| What is a renewable energy resource? | An energy source which can be replenished as it is being used up |
| Give 4 examples of renewable energy resources? | Wind Energy, Hydro-Electricity, Tidal Energy, Solar Energy |
| Give an example of a non-renewable energy resource. | Fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) |
| What are the advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal? | Lower emissions of CO2 and flexible generation |
| State two disadvantages of using renewable energy resources to generate power. | Output often determined by external factors (wind speed) & renewable fuels often produce less energy per kg |
| Explain the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels | CO2 contributes to the greenhouse effect and causes global warming, Sulphur Dioxide leads to acid rain |
| State 3 advantages of fossil fuels as an energy resource. | Reliable (Not dependant on external factors), Produce large amounts of energy per kg, cost-effective |
| Sate 3 advantages of nuclear power. | Very large amounts of energy per kg of fuel, no greenhouse gases released and low fuel costs |
| State 3 disadvantages of nuclear power. | Produces nuclear waste (harmful to us), it's non-renewable and risk of nuclear accidents |
| Give 2 examples of social factors to consider in energy production | Visual pollution and sound pollution |
| How does hydroelectric power produce energy? | Rainwater collects behind a dam, when released its used to turn a turbine and this turns a generator which produces electricity |
| What are some disadvantages of using biofuels? | When plants are burned they release CO2, to grow them you need to destroy land and reduces land for food crops |
| What are the advantages of tidal energy sources? | No greenhouse gases, fairly reliable and cheap as tides are natural |
| What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power? | Dam may cause flooding and it can cost a lot |
| What are some advantages of solar panels? | Don't harm the environment, renewable and can be used in remote areas |
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